Shadowing Practice: How to debate a stupid person | Jonny Thomson - Learn English Speaking with Video
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So there's a great quotation which has been floating around the internet for a very long time now, from the earlier days of the internet, and it says that debating an idiot is like playing chess with a pigeon.
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You can play as well as you want, but the pigeon will jump on the board, it'll crap on the pieces, and it'll go back to its flock declaring victory.
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When you're debating somebody who is stupid in the sense of Bonhoeffer, they don't question their own beliefs, and they are unwilling to accept any contrary position to what they actually believe.
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they're playing by different rules you might approach them with facts
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and the most logical arguments you can possibly devise
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but they will see you as an enemy they will see
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you as an other they will see you as a kind
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of temptation in aristotle's rhetoric he actually makes a distinction between three different types of persuading somebody
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or three different ways that people often come to believe something he talks about logos
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which is rationality it's reason and it's using good debate and facts and evidence.
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He talks about ethos which is somebody's character, their reputation, their status and ability to persuade you.
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And he talks about pathos which is emotions, he talks about feelings.
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And Aristotle even in the ancient Greek world, this is you know the epitome of the rational philosopher,
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he is well aware that logos plays second place to your ethos and your pathos as well.
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So if we pull it up to the modern time the same thing is at play here, that when you are debating somebody, you may think that you are both playing by logos.
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That if I lay out my argument in premises to a conclusion, if I lay out all of the evidence, this person is going to bow to me and say, well done, you are so brilliant,
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your position is better, and I will believe what you are saying.
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And what Bonhoeffer is saying about the stupid person, the pigeon on the chessboard, is that they don't even care about the logos.
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They care about the ethos, they care about the pathos.
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And so you need to play it according to their game
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if you're going to have any kind of proper debate and discussion.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 21 frases y 390 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 1:45. El hablante habla rápido, unas 223 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. El 85 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| logo sustantivo | /ˈloʊ.ɡoʊ/ | logo |
| pigeon sustantivo | /ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/ | paloma, palomo |
| persuade verbo | /pə(ɹ)ˈsweɪd/ | persuadir, chamuyar |
| reputation sustantivo | /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/ | reputación, nombradía |
| belief sustantivo | /bɪˈliːf/ | creencia |
| conclusion sustantivo | /kənˈkluːʒən/ | conclusión, neta |
| emotion sustantivo | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | afecto, emoción |
| contrary adjetivo | /ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/ | contrario |
| logical adjetivo | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | lógico |
| distinction sustantivo | /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/ | distinción |
| rational adjetivo | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | racional |
| declare verbo | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | explicar, aclarar |
| chess sustantivo | /t͡ʃɛs/ | ajedrez, escaques |
| float verbo | /fləʊt/ | flotar |
| premise sustantivo | /ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/ | premisa |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| lay out verbo | /ˌleɪ ˈaʊt/ | encaminar |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 7 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, it'll, you're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: ethos /ˈiθɑs/, pathos /ˈpeɪˌθɑs/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, epitome /əˈpɪt.ə.mi/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como logo, pigeon, persuade.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.