跟读练习: How to debate a stupid person | Jonny Thomson - 通过视频学习英语口语
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So there's a great quotation which has been floating around the internet for a very long time now, from the earlier days of the internet, and it says that debating an idiot is like playing chess with a pigeon.
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You can play as well as you want, but the pigeon will jump on the board, it'll crap on the pieces, and it'll go back to its flock declaring victory.
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When you're debating somebody who is stupid in the sense of Bonhoeffer, they don't question their own beliefs, and they are unwilling to accept any contrary position to what they actually believe.
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they're playing by different rules you might approach them with facts
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and the most logical arguments you can possibly devise
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but they will see you as an enemy they will see
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you as an other they will see you as a kind
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of temptation in aristotle's rhetoric he actually makes a distinction between three different types of persuading somebody
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or three different ways that people often come to believe something he talks about logos
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which is rationality it's reason and it's using good debate and facts and evidence.
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He talks about ethos which is somebody's character, their reputation, their status and ability to persuade you.
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And he talks about pathos which is emotions, he talks about feelings.
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And Aristotle even in the ancient Greek world, this is you know the epitome of the rational philosopher,
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he is well aware that logos plays second place to your ethos and your pathos as well.
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So if we pull it up to the modern time the same thing is at play here, that when you are debating somebody, you may think that you are both playing by logos.
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That if I lay out my argument in premises to a conclusion, if I lay out all of the evidence, this person is going to bow to me and say, well done, you are so brilliant,
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your position is better, and I will believe what you are saying.
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And what Bonhoeffer is saying about the stupid person, the pigeon on the chessboard, is that they don't even care about the logos.
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They care about the ethos, they care about the pathos.
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And so you need to play it according to their game
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if you're going to have any kind of proper debate and discussion.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 21 个句子、390 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 1:45。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 223 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| logo 名词 | /ˈloʊ.ɡoʊ/ | 標誌 /标志, 商標 /商标 |
| pigeon 名词 | /ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/ | 鴿子 /鸽子 |
| persuade 动词 | /pə(ɹ)ˈsweɪd/ | 說服 /说服, 勸說 /劝说 |
| reputation 名词 | /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/ | 名譽 /名誉, 聲譽 /声誉 |
| belief 名词 | /bɪˈliːf/ | 相信, 信心 |
| conclusion 名词 | /kənˈkluːʒən/ | 結束 /结束 |
| emotion 名词 | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | 感情, 情感 |
| contrary 形容词 | /ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/ | 相反 |
| distinction 名词 | /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/ | 分別 /分别 |
| rational 形容词 | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | 合理的, 理性的 |
| declare 动词 | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | 宣布 |
| chess 名词 | /t͡ʃɛs/ | 象棋, 國際象棋 /国际象棋 |
| float 动词 | /fləʊt/ | 浮, 漂浮 |
| premise 名词 | /ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/ | 前提 |
| philosopher 名词 | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | 哲學家 /哲学家 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, it'll, you're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: ethos /ˈiθɑs/, pathos /ˈpeɪˌθɑs/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, epitome /əˈpɪt.ə.mi/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 logo, pigeon, persuade 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。