Prática de Shadowing: How to debate a stupid person | Jonny Thomson - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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So there's a great quotation which has been floating around the internet for a very long time now, from the earlier days of the internet, and it says that debating an idiot is like playing chess with a pigeon.
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You can play as well as you want, but the pigeon will jump on the board, it'll crap on the pieces, and it'll go back to its flock declaring victory.
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When you're debating somebody who is stupid in the sense of Bonhoeffer, they don't question their own beliefs, and they are unwilling to accept any contrary position to what they actually believe.
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they're playing by different rules you might approach them with facts
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and the most logical arguments you can possibly devise
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but they will see you as an enemy they will see
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you as an other they will see you as a kind
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of temptation in aristotle's rhetoric he actually makes a distinction between three different types of persuading somebody
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or three different ways that people often come to believe something he talks about logos
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which is rationality it's reason and it's using good debate and facts and evidence.
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He talks about ethos which is somebody's character, their reputation, their status and ability to persuade you.
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And he talks about pathos which is emotions, he talks about feelings.
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And Aristotle even in the ancient Greek world, this is you know the epitome of the rational philosopher,
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he is well aware that logos plays second place to your ethos and your pathos as well.
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So if we pull it up to the modern time the same thing is at play here, that when you are debating somebody, you may think that you are both playing by logos.
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That if I lay out my argument in premises to a conclusion, if I lay out all of the evidence, this person is going to bow to me and say, well done, you are so brilliant,
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your position is better, and I will believe what you are saying.
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And what Bonhoeffer is saying about the stupid person, the pigeon on the chessboard, is that they don't even care about the logos.
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They care about the ethos, they care about the pathos.
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And so you need to play it according to their game
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if you're going to have any kind of proper debate and discussion.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 21 frases e 390 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 1:45. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 223 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 85% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| logo substantivo | /ˈloʊ.ɡoʊ/ | logo |
| pigeon substantivo | /ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/ | pombo, pomba |
| persuade verbo | /pə(ɹ)ˈsweɪd/ | persuadir |
| reputation substantivo | /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/ | reputação, fama |
| belief substantivo | /bɪˈliːf/ | crença |
| conclusion substantivo | /kənˈkluːʒən/ | conclusão |
| emotion substantivo | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | emoção |
| logical adjetivo | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | lógico |
| distinction substantivo | /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/ | distinção |
| rational adjetivo | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | racional |
| declare verbo | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | declarar |
| chess substantivo | /t͡ʃɛs/ | xadrez |
| float verbo | /fləʊt/ | boiar, flutuar |
| premise substantivo | /ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/ | premissa |
| philosopher substantivo | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | filósofo, filósofa |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 7 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, it'll, you're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: ethos /ˈiθɑs/, pathos /ˈpeɪˌθɑs/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, epitome /əˈpɪt.ə.mi/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como logo, pigeon, persuade.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.