シャドーイング練習: How to debate a stupid person | Jonny Thomson - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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So there's a great quotation which has been floating around the internet for a very long time now, from the earlier days of the internet, and it says that debating an idiot is like playing chess with a pigeon.
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You can play as well as you want, but the pigeon will jump on the board, it'll crap on the pieces, and it'll go back to its flock declaring victory.
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When you're debating somebody who is stupid in the sense of Bonhoeffer, they don't question their own beliefs, and they are unwilling to accept any contrary position to what they actually believe.
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they're playing by different rules you might approach them with facts
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and the most logical arguments you can possibly devise
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but they will see you as an enemy they will see
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you as an other they will see you as a kind
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of temptation in aristotle's rhetoric he actually makes a distinction between three different types of persuading somebody
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or three different ways that people often come to believe something he talks about logos
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which is rationality it's reason and it's using good debate and facts and evidence.
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He talks about ethos which is somebody's character, their reputation, their status and ability to persuade you.
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And he talks about pathos which is emotions, he talks about feelings.
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And Aristotle even in the ancient Greek world, this is you know the epitome of the rational philosopher,
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he is well aware that logos plays second place to your ethos and your pathos as well.
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So if we pull it up to the modern time the same thing is at play here, that when you are debating somebody, you may think that you are both playing by logos.
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That if I lay out my argument in premises to a conclusion, if I lay out all of the evidence, this person is going to bow to me and say, well done, you are so brilliant,
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your position is better, and I will believe what you are saying.
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And what Bonhoeffer is saying about the stupid person, the pigeon on the chessboard, is that they don't even care about the logos.
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They care about the ethos, they care about the pathos.
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And so you need to play it according to their game
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if you're going to have any kind of proper debate and discussion.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が21文、単語が390語あります。 音声の長さは1:45です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約223語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の85%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語発音意味
logo 名詞/ˈloʊ.ɡoʊ/ロゴ, ロゴタイプ
pigeon 名詞/ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/鳩
persuade 動詞/pə(ɹ)ˈsweɪd/説得する, 説く
reputation 名詞/ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/評判, 名声
belief 名詞/bɪˈliːf/確信
conclusion 名詞/kənˈkluːʒən/終わり, 結び
emotion 名詞/ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/感情, 心緒
contrary 形容詞/ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/逆の, 反する
distinction 名詞/dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/区別, 違い
rational 形容詞/ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/合理的
declare 動詞/dɪˈklɛɚ/宣言する
chess 名詞/t͡ʃɛs/チェス, 西洋将棋
float 動詞/fləʊt/浮かぶ, 浮く
premise 名詞/ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/前提
philosopher 名詞/fəˈlɑsəfɚ/哲学者

注意したい発音

話し手はdon't, it'll, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を7回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

  • 「th」の音: ethos /ˈiθɑs/, pathos /ˈpeɪˌθɑs/
  • 「sh」と「zh」の音: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/
  • 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, epitome /əˈpɪt.ə.mi/

この動画での練習方法

  1. まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
  2. まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
  3. 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。logo, pigeon, persuadeなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →