शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How to debate a stupid person | Jonny Thomson - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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So there's a great quotation which has been floating around the internet for a very long time now, from the earlier days of the internet, and it says that debating an idiot is like playing chess with a pigeon.
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You can play as well as you want, but the pigeon will jump on the board, it'll crap on the pieces, and it'll go back to its flock declaring victory.
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When you're debating somebody who is stupid in the sense of Bonhoeffer, they don't question their own beliefs, and they are unwilling to accept any contrary position to what they actually believe.
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they're playing by different rules you might approach them with facts
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and the most logical arguments you can possibly devise
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but they will see you as an enemy they will see
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you as an other they will see you as a kind
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of temptation in aristotle's rhetoric he actually makes a distinction between three different types of persuading somebody
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or three different ways that people often come to believe something he talks about logos
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which is rationality it's reason and it's using good debate and facts and evidence.
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He talks about ethos which is somebody's character, their reputation, their status and ability to persuade you.
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And he talks about pathos which is emotions, he talks about feelings.
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And Aristotle even in the ancient Greek world, this is you know the epitome of the rational philosopher,
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he is well aware that logos plays second place to your ethos and your pathos as well.
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So if we pull it up to the modern time the same thing is at play here, that when you are debating somebody, you may think that you are both playing by logos.
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That if I lay out my argument in premises to a conclusion, if I lay out all of the evidence, this person is going to bow to me and say, well done, you are so brilliant,
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your position is better, and I will believe what you are saying.
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And what Bonhoeffer is saying about the stupid person, the pigeon on the chessboard, is that they don't even care about the logos.
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They care about the ethos, they care about the pathos.
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And so you need to play it according to their game
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if you're going to have any kind of proper debate and discussion.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 21 वाक्य और 390 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 1:45 लंबा है। वक्ता तेज़ बोलता है, लगभग 223 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए जुड़ी हुई और कमज़ोर ध्वनियाँ ज़्यादा मिलेंगी। 85% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| logo संज्ञा | /ˈloʊ.ɡoʊ/ | लोगो |
| pigeon संज्ञा | /ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/ | कबूतर, कपोत |
| reputation संज्ञा | /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/ | प्रतिष्ठा, प्रसिद्धि |
| belief संज्ञा | /bɪˈliːf/ | विश्वास, धारणा |
| conclusion संज्ञा | /kənˈkluːʒən/ | अंतिम |
| emotion संज्ञा | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | भावना, जज़्बा |
| logical विशेषण | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | तार्किक |
| rational विशेषण | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | तार्किक |
| chess संज्ञा | /t͡ʃɛs/ | शतरंज, चेस |
| float क्रिया | /fləʊt/ | तैरना |
| premise संज्ञा | /ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/ | आधार, पूर्वाधार |
| philosopher संज्ञा | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | दार्शनिक |
| temptation संज्ञा | /ˌtɛmpˈteɪʃən/ | लुभाव, प्रलोभन |
| flock संज्ञा | /flɑk/ | झुंड, गल्ला |
| chessboard संज्ञा | बिसात |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 7 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे don't, it'll, you're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: ethos /ˈiθɑs/, pathos /ˈpeɪˌθɑs/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, epitome /əˈpɪt.ə.mi/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर logo, pigeon, reputation जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।