Pratique du Shadowing: Why Your Brain Blinds You For 2 Hours Every Day - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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105 phrases
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The world you see is not real – you're not living in this very moment that you are experiencing and nothing is like it seems.
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It turns out your brain constructs your reality as you are experiencing it, it edits your memories as they happen, it lives in totally different time spheres and tells you a story about the world that feels real.
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What's going on and who is really in control of your life?
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The Gap Between Reality and You Vision is maybe our main source of information about the world – but in reality we don’t really see that much.
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Only a thumbnail sized area of your visual field is in high resolution, while the rest is out of focus.
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If it doesn’t feel like this, that’s because it is made up by your brain – using a pretty neat trick.
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Each second your eyes make 3 to 4 sudden jerky movements, saccades, of 50 milliseconds, focusing from one point to another.
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Scanning your environment to get different sharp images that your brain then edits together.
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During a saccade your brain shuts down your vision so you don’t see a wild motion blur.
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This means that each day, for around 2 hours, you're completely blind.
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If you could actually see what your eyes see, it would look something like this: brrrr brrrrrrrrr Instead your brain fills this time with its best guesses of what happened during the blackness.
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But it does way more – it turns out that you're not really experiencing time correctly.
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What's really happening when you are stirring milk into a cup of coffee?
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As the spoon hits the ceramic, light reflects off it and hits your eyes after 1.3 nanoseconds.
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The ceramic vibrates and creates a shockwave of air molecules that travels to your ear in 1.2 milliseconds.
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Heat is picked up by fibres in your fingers that send a signal to your brain in 50 milliseconds.
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Three very different inputs, all processed in your brain at different times.
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You don’t experience them separately but as one smooth, simultaneous and connected moment.
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Your brain takes a moment to process and then invents a reality, a present moment that's not real.
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What you feel is “now” is in fact a selectively edited version of the past.
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You really only consciously experience the world 0.3 to 0.5 seconds after things happened.
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Except this is also not really true.
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Because your brain is editing time and space way more than that.
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And it makes decisions completely out of your conscious control.
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You Are Living in the Past!
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No, future!
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No, a made up future!
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Your present, what you experience right now is kind of the future.
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Imagine for a second that you are a table tennis pro.
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In pro table tennis balls woosh around at 25 meters per second, which is pretty fast, so let’s slow down time.
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Light passes from the ball to your eye in nanoseconds, is converted into electrical impulses that reach your brain to be processed after 100 milliseconds.
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Meanwhile, the ball travels 2.5 meters through the air, the length of the table.
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If your brain showed you the past, where the ball was 100 milliseconds ago, it would hit you before you could react.
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So instead your brain takes its location, speed and direction and calculates where the ball should be in the future – by the time the information reaches you.
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And then it creates a fictional version of it.
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This is what you see, in your fake present: a fake ball, that's somewhere else.
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But you don’t need to just see the ball, you want to smash it back hard.
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If you acted now and started swinging your arm you'd miss by a mile – things are just too fast.
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So before the ball even touches your opponent's bat, your brain starts predicting where it will likely be in space after they hit.
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Based on the other player's posture and your table tennis experience.
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But as it can’t be sure if it will be correct, it prepares multiple different responses.
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Maybe the ball will be here, or here, or even here.
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To be ready for all of these scenarios your brain sends preprogrammed orders to the muscles you need to jump left, right or up.
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Telling them to be ready for any of them at a moment's notice.
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For a short moment multiple ghost versions of you exist, all equally real inside your brain.
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And then, as your opponent is about to lay into the swing, your brain decides on a single future that it thinks is most likely.
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All but one ghost are deleted.
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You only ever experience the ghost that won, never the potential ones.
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The order to the muscles to act out the winning movement is triggered, even before the ball is hit back to you.
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You are totally oblivious to this – by the time you consciously see the ball coming at you and decide to hit it in a particular way, your body has already hit it back.
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In reality your brain already made all the decisions.
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Your conscious experience is nothing more than an invented future, a prediction based on the information your brain received a fraction of a second ago.
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This is not just true for extreme sports like uhm ... table tennis, but also for walking.
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Walking is Time Travel After your game you are walking back home, seemingly choosing your path and reacting to things.
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Meanwhile your brain is operating in three different time spheres at once.
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It processes the sensory feedback of the past, it calculates the current state of your body and it predicts your future.
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Because walking is intense.
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Before the signal from your foot touching the ground has even reached the brain, it's already sent the order to your foot to make the next step – and it has already calculated the muscle patterns for the next two.
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But what if something truly catastrophic happens?
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There's a banana peel and you step on it and slip – how did it get here? Listen, don’t worry about it.
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It turns out your brain is ready for this.
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So far we spoke of your “brain” making decisions for you but this is not really true.
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You don’t have a central control room where the world comes together.
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In reality different parts of your body are aware of different things, at different times.
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Your spinal cord usually knows stuff before your brain.
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And even within your brain different regions process the same event at different speeds and make independent decisions.
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As your foot catches the peel, the gyroscope inside your ears notices a sudden change of your position in space.
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It submits this information to your brain stem and spinal cord, the “things must happen quickly” section of your body.
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They immediately trigger emergency recovery patterns and send orders to different muscle groups.
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Within 200 milliseconds pre-programmed sequences activate to catch your fall.
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Your arms shoot out, your other leg stiffens to support your weight, your core muscles contract to stabilise you.
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100 milliseconds later, when you become aware that you are tripping, your body is already recovering.
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You are only just now catching up.
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Ok, so we've learned that your brain is constantly predicting reality around you, makes decisions about the best way to act and then shows you an edited version.
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Which totally makes sense, would you really want to be in charge of that?
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But your brain is not just predicting the external world.
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Right now it's predicting a way more complex thing: You.
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Are YOU just a Prediction of your Brain?
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Why do you feel about the world the way you do?
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Your sense of hunger, your energy level and especially your emotions are not just objective reactions to what state you are in, but predictions.
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Your brain's prediction of what you'll need soon or need to be ready for.
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You are probably used to getting food or going to bed roughly around the same time – and as time approaches your brain releases hormones to prepare you.
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A self fulfilling prophecy.
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You get hungry or tired because your brain assumes this is the time when this is needed.
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This is the most striking thing about your emotions.
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They aren't just reactions to the outside world – they're predictions.
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When you go to a party, your brain isn't waiting to see how you feel once you get there, based on how the party actually is.
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It analyses your experiences of past parties and who it expects to be there – maybe close friends you feel safe around, maybe people you don’t know who are a less socially secure bet.
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Maybe your brain remembers a party where you felt anxious, and that experience stuck.
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This could be pretty annoying – if your brain predicts anxiousness, it adjusts your heart rate, hormone levels and muscle tensions before you even enter the room.
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It prepares your body for anxiety, making you actually feel anxious.
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Which then confirms the brain's prediction and gets saved for future reference.
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Does this make you feel like you are just along for the ride, forced to experience whatever predictions your brain feeds you?
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Thankfully it’s not quite like that.
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Your conscious self is obviously not the decider of most things as you go through your day.
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But that is not what it's good at anyway.
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Your brain and all of these different organ systems decide a lot of things, but they are more like butlers taking care of all the busy work.
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You may not be in the driver's seat, but you are the passenger that decides where to go.
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What your conscious self is good at is long term planning and abstract thinking.
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It's a storyteller that tells the story of your life to your brain and to yourself – wherever the edges of these overlapping entities melt into each other.
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You are able to see the big picture that your internal prediction machine could never begin to grasp.
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You are the part of you that can edit and write new predictions into the system.
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Sometimes you and your brain disagree on what is correct – but in the end you are the person in power, who tells the story about who you are in this world.
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A story so convincing that you experience it as undeniable reality.
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And as a happy accident, your conscious self is great at being happy about ice cream, fascinated by internet videos and thinking deeply about pokemon types.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 105 phrases et 1731 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 9:36. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 180 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| prediction nom | /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ | prédiction |
| muscle nom | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | muscle |
| edit verbe | /ˈɛdɪt/ | modifier, corriger |
| predict verbe | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | prédire |
| conscious adjectif | /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/ | conscient |
| tennis nom | /ˈtɛnɪs/ | tennis |
| ghost nom | /ɡoʊst/ | fantôme, spectre |
| calculate verbe | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | calculer |
| meanwhile adverbe | /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ | pendant ce temps-là, entretemps |
| sudden adjectif | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | soudain, subit |
| swing verbe | /ˈswɪŋ/ | osciller, se balancer |
| trigger nom | /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/ | détente, gâchette |
| emotion nom | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | émotion |
| react verbe | /ɹiːˈækt/ | réagir |
| anxious adjectif | /ˈæŋkʃəs/ | inquiet |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer | |
| make up verbe | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | constituer, composer |
| act out verbe | /ˌækt ˈaʊ̯t/ | jouer |
| come together verbe | /ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ | affluer, s’assembler |
| go through verbe | traverser | |
| pick up verbe | soulever | |
| shut down verbe | éteindre | |
| slow down verbe | ralentir, décélérer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is made · is picked · is converted |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has already hit · has even reached · we've learned |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 18 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, you're, aren't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: smooth /smuːð/, thumbnail /ˈθʌm.neɪl/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, entity /ˈɛn.tə.ti/ [-tʰi], catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, simultaneous /ˌsaɪ̯.məlˈteɪ̯.ni.əs/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme prediction, muscle, edit.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.