Shadowing Practice: I was SO wrong about quantum computing. - Learn English Speaking with Video
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84 משפטים
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1
I was officially wrong about quantum computers, and I don't understand what's going on anymore.
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Two years ago, I said quantum computing hype will falter in 2024.
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What's happened instead is exactly the opposite.
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I have a nagging feeling there's something going on that we don't know about.
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Today I want to explain why I'm so pessimistic about quantum computing and what's happening against all reason.
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Quantum computers have been praised as the next big thing in computing,
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new technology that could vastly speed up certain types of computations by exploiting the peculiar logic of quantum physics.
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This sounds great, and it is.
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Greater still, there are now multiple companies which say they're ready to mass -produce quantum computers.
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The newest arrival is the UK company Quantum Motion,
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which says they have the first four -stack quantum computer that's scalable technology with the ability to be mass -produced.
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By this, they mean that they have the hardware with a software package and a user interface.
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They work with superconducting circuits and say they can scale this to a million qubits,
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which is a rough estimate for when quantum computers are expected to become commercially relevant.
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This sounds super impressive, doesn't it?
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They are the first to claim they can move to mass production of quantum computers.
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The company SciQuantum, which works with photons as qubits, said already last year they are building a factory.
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The Chinese are building a factory for quantum computers too.
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And the Japanese company Fujitsu just announced out of the blue that they can build a quantum computer with 250 logical qubits.
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Well, the marketing departments have definitely achieved quantum advantage.
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But there is a little problem with these reports.
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It's that the press releases don't agree with reality.
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The best understood and studied approach today to quantum computing is and remains superconducting circuits.
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Those are what IBM, Google, Amazon and many others work with.
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The manipulation and readout of these qubits can now be done with excellent precision and low error.
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We've seen demonstrations of this up to roughly 100 qubits or so.
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The problem becomes apparent if you look at those quantum computers.
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These chandelier -like things are the cooling system and the noise buffer.
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These qubits work at temperatures of some millikelvin.
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And the problem is now that you can't put arbitrarily many qubits in one cooling device.
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It's not so much the size that's the difficulty.
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It's not the more qubits you have that you need to manipulate, the more heat that'll produce.
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This is an issue no one likes to really talk about, so I don't have exact numbers.
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But by my rough estimate, somewhere at around 1000 qubits or so, you have a problem.
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This is almost certainly why IBM announced a few years back they'll be building the world's largest super fridge.
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But we haven't heard anything of this since.
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To scale up these devices, therefore, they must connect multiple cooling systems and that'll explode the error rate.
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So the problem is not mass producing the qubits or the devices.
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The problem is to mass -produce devices that actually work.
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These headlines are just crazy.
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It's like saying, hey, we can mass -produce spaceships.
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It's just that they don't f*ing fly.
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The company PsyQuantum works with photons, but from them, we basically haven't seen any documentation of what they can do.
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Do they have some secret recipe that'll make it work?
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Maybe.
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You see, this is the problem here.
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It's very well possible that there is something going on here that isn't in the public domain.
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And now look at this paper.
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These are the stocks of publicly traded quantum computing companies, INQ, Rigetti, D -Wave.
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They all made the most amazing gains in the past months.
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BlackRock even wants to offer a quantum computing EFT now. But why?
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The US government announced they'll invest into quantum tech so did JP Morgan, and that certainly contributed to some optimism.
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But other than that, we've just seen nonsense claims,
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like this headline from IBM that they can now do quantum -enabled algorithmic trading.
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As usual with these headlines, the quantum part isn't actually necessary, it just makes things more difficult.
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The computer scientist Scott Aronson put it like this, to critique this paper as not quite shooting fish in a barrel
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because the fish are already dead before we've reached the end of the abstract.
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There's headlines like this basically every week.
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Quantum computers help train scheduling.
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Quantum computers make home screener.
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Quantum computers discover proteins.
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Quantum computers evidently can do everything except produce money because none of these companies is even remotely profitable.
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It is possible that there's been some technological breakthrough that's highly confidential, which explains all this.
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The other possible explanation is that the excitement is driven by government investment, especially by the US military,
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which is very concerned the Chinese will beat them.
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And this bubble is also almost certainly driven by scientists who do nothing to clear up all the misconceptions
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that people have about quantum computers.
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So the bad news is that quantum computing hype is not anywhere close to faltering,
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the good news is I still have a job calling it out.
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Yes, I do read a lot of news and know that chatbots still aren't any good at writing my scripts.
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But what does help me a lot is Ground News.
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Ground News is a news platform that collects and summarizes news which has been published all over the world.
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Not only do they collect all articles on the same story in one place and give you a quick summary.
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They also give you a lot of extra information that you don't find in the standard media.
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A peculiar example I saw the other day is this story about how North America was once busily populated by dinosaurs.
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This basically wasn't covered on the political right.
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This tells you a lot about echo chambers, doesn't it?
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Ground News also gives you a factality rating for each news item, tells you who owns the media outlets
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and shows you where the news has appeared ground news also
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has this great feature called blind spot this tells you
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which news has been almost exclusively covered only by one side of the political spectrum
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and of course i have a special offer for you that's a 40 discount on the vantage plan
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which gives you access to all their features all you need to do is use my link ground .news sabine
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or use the qr code so go and check this out.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “I was SO wrong about quantum computing”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: quantum, computer, qubits, computing, mass. בסרטון הזה יש 84 משפטים ו-1094 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 7:20. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-149 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. רק 79% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| quantum שם עצם | /ˈkwɑntəm/ | קְוַנְט |
| photon שם עצם | /ˈfəʊtɒn/ | פוטון |
| chandelier שם עצם | /ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪɚ/ | נִבְרֶשֶׁת |
| pessimistic שם תואר | /ˌpɛ.səˈmɪs.tɪk/ | פסימי |
| spaceship שם עצם | חֲלָלִית, סְפִינַת חָלָל | |
| summarize פועל | /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ | סיכם |
| optimism שם עצם | /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/ | אופטימיות |
| dinosaur שם עצם | /ˈdaɪnəsoɹ/ | דִּינוֹזָאוּר |
| explode פועל | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | הִתְפּוֹצֵץ |
| breakthrough שם עצם | /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/ | פריצת־דרך |
| confidential שם תואר | /ˌkɔn.fɪˈdɛn.ʃəl/ | חסוי |
| critic שם עצם | /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/ | מְבַקֵּר, מְבַקֶּרֶת |
| echo שם עצם | /ˈɛk.oʊ/ | הֵד, בַּת־קוֹל |
| stack שם עצם | /stæk/ | ערמה |
| technological שם תואר | /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/ | טֶכְנוֹלוֹגִי |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- This sounds super impressive, doesn't it?
- It's like saying, hey, we can mass -produce spaceships.
- This tells you a lot about echo chambers, doesn't it?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have been praised · have definitely achieved · We've seen |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | have been praised · are expected · be done |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-25 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, that'll, we've. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: algorithmic /ˌælɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: chandelier /ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪɚ/, computation /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃn̩/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/, manipulation /məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/, confidential /ˌkɔn.fɪˈdɛn.ʃəl/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: algorithmic /ˌælɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/, pessimistic /ˌpɛ.səˈmɪs.tɪk/, evidently /ˈɛvɪdəntli/, optimism /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: algorithmic /ˌælɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/, chandelier /ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪɚ/, chatbot /ˈtʃætbɑt/, vantage /ˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, vastly /ˈvæstli/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: falter /ˈfɔltəɹ/, algorithmic /ˌælɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/, readout /ˈɹiːdaʊt/, screener /ˈskɹinɚ/, summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/
- עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/, vantage /ˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, explode /ɪkˈsploʊd/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו quantum, photon, chandelier.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.