전체 문법 레슨

레슨 115 · 10단계: 고급 구조

“It is said that…”

고급

형태와 쓰임

it is said/believed that…, be thought/known to… — 사람들이 말하거나 생각하는 것을 전하기

1.두 가지 형태

사람들이 말하거나 믿거나 생각하는 것을 누가 말했는지 밝히지 않고 전할 때, 영어에는 두 가지 형태가 있습니다: It + be + 과거분사 + that + 절, 또는 주어 + be + 과거분사 + to부정사. 뉴스, 보고서, 격식 있는 글에서 흔히 쓰이며, 거리를 두는 표현입니다 — 글쓴이가 그것이 사실이라고 단정하지 않습니다.

원래 문장형태 1: It is said that…형태 2: … is said to…
People say that he is very rich.It is said that he is very rich.He is said to be very rich.
People believe that the fire started in the kitchen.It is believed that the fire started in the kitchen.The fire is believed to have started in the kitchen.
Experts expect that prices will rise.It is expected that prices will rise.Prices are expected to rise.

자주 쓰는 동사: say, think, believe, know, consider, expect, report, understand, allege, estimate. consider는 to be를 생략할 수 있습니다: He is considered (to be) the best player.

형태 1의 “it”은 가주어이므로 생략할 수 없습니다. 한국어는 주어 없이도 문장이 되기 때문에 “Is said that…”이라고 쓰기 쉽습니다. “people”을 살리고 싶으면 능동태를 쓰세요: People say that… — “People are said that…”이 아닙니다.

2.To + 동사원형일까, to have + V3일까?

형태 2에서는 부정사의 형태를 보면, 전하는 내용이 말하거나 믿는 시점과 같은 때인지, 그보다 앞인지, 뒤인지 알 수 있습니다:

전하는 내용형태예
같은 때 / 일반적인 사실to + 동사원형She is said to speak five languages.
진행 중to be + V-ingThe climbers are thought to be sheltering in a cave.
그보다 앞서 일어남to have + V3He is believed to have left the country.
앞으로 일어날 일 (expect와 자주 씀)to + 동사원형The new bridge is expected to open next year.
수동태to be V3 / to have been V3The painting is thought to have been stolen in 1990.
  • Coffee is thought to have been brought to Vietnam by the French.

    커피는 프랑스인들이 베트남에 들여온 것으로 여겨져요. (오래전에 일어난 일 → to have been V3)

  • The singer is reported to be in hospital.

    그 가수는 입원해 있다고 보도되었어요.

  • More than 300 people are known to have attended the meeting.

    300명이 넘는 사람이 그 회의에 참석한 것으로 알려져 있어요.

3.전달 동사의 시제

is said / is believed = 사람들이 지금 그렇게 말하거나 믿는다. was said / was believed = 사람들이 과거에 그렇게 말하거나 믿었다(지금은 아닐 수도 있음). 현재완료도 쓸 수 있습니다: It has been reported that…

  • The Earth was once believed to be flat.

    예전에는 지구가 평평하다고 믿었어요.

  • The ship was thought to have sunk in a storm.

    그 배는 폭풍 때문에 가라앉은 것으로 여겨졌어요.

  • It has been reported that two people were injured.

    두 명이 다친 것으로 보도되었어요.

4.There is said to be…, be supposed to

there와 함께: There is said to be… = It is said that there is… 편한 대화에서는 이런 형태를 잘 쓰지 않고, They say…, Apparently…나 be supposed to(= 사람들이 그러는데)를 씁니다.

  • There are thought to be fewer than a hundred of these birds left in the wild.

    이 새는 야생에 백 마리도 채 남지 않은 것으로 여겨져요.

  • That new pho place is supposed to be really good.

    그 새로 생긴 쌀국수 집, 정말 맛있대요. (구어 = people say)

  • They say the shop on the corner is closing down.

    모퉁이에 있는 가게가 문을 닫는대요.

be supposed to에는 또 다른 뜻이 있습니다: “규칙이나 계획에 따라 ~해야 한다”(You're supposed to wear a helmet). 「“be supposed to / about to / likely to”」 레슨을 참고하세요.

5.자주 하는 실수

  • Is said that the airport will open next year.

    It is said that the airport will open next year.

    가주어 It이 필요합니다.

  • He is believed to steal the money last year.

    He is believed to have stolen the money last year.

    그보다 앞서 일어난 일 → to have + V3입니다.

  • The museum is known being the oldest in the city.

    The museum is known to be the oldest in the city.

    be known / said / thought 뒤에는 -ing가 아니라 to부정사를 씁니다.

  • People say him to be very rich.

    He is said to be very rich. / People say that he is very rich.

    say에는 능동태로 say + 사람 + to부정사라는 형태가 없습니다.

  • The lake says to be very deep.

    The lake is said to be very deep.

    호수는 아무 말도 하지 않음 → 수동태 is said입니다.

  • She is said to be won the prize twice.

    She is said to have won the prize twice.

    과거의 능동 행동 → to have + V3입니다.

예문

  • The old house on our street is said to be haunted.
  • It is believed that eating late at night is bad for your sleep.
  • It is expected that prices will rise again next year.
  • Green tea is thought to help with weight loss.
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