Shadowing Practice: Why We Worry All the Time and How to Cope - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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It's not an illustrious category to belong to, of course, but there are plenty of us at least.
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We worry about work, money, being left, illness, disappointing, over-promising, madness, disgrace, just to start the list.
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We worry in the early hours, we worry on holiday, we worry at parties, and we worry all the time while we're trying to smile and seem normal to good people who depend on us.
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Thus, it can feel pretty unbearable at moments.
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A standard approach when trying to assuage our blizzard of worries is to look at each in turn and marshal sensible arguments against their probabilities.
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But it can, at points, also be helpful not to look at the specifics of every worry and instead to consider the overall position that worry has come to occupy in our lives.
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There is a hugely fascinating sentence on the topic in an essay by the great English psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott.
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The catastrophe you fear will happen has in fact already happened.
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When we worry, we're naturally fixated on what will occur next.
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It's the future with its boundless possibilities for horror that is the natural arena for exploration by our panicked thoughts.
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But in Winnicott's unexpected thesis, something else is revealed.
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The disaster that we fear is going to unfold is actually behind us.
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There is a paradox here.
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Why do we keep expecting something to happen that's already happened?
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Why don't we better distinguish past from present?
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Winnicott's answer is that it's in the nature of traumatic events from childhood not to be properly processed and as a result, like the dead who have not been adequately buried and mourned, to start to haunt us indiscriminately in adulthood.
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For example, we may panic that we are about to be humiliated and shamed.
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There are no particularly strong grounds for this in objective reality, but we are utterly convinced nevertheless because this is precisely what happened to us when we were tiny and at the hands of a parent.
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Or we worry intensely that we are about to be abandoned in love, not Not because our partner is in any significant way disloyal, but because someone who once looked after us at a very vulnerable point definitely was.
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A benefit of understanding how much our worries owe to childhood is a new sense that it isn't so much the future we should be distressed about as the past.
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We can replace dread and apprehension with something sadder yet ultimately more redemptive.
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Mourning.
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we can feel profoundly sorry for our younger selves as an alternative to being panicked for our future selves.
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Appreciating the childhood legacy of worries, we also stand to realise that we can adapt and improve on how we respond to what alarms us.
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If we have been well-parented, we will have been bequeathed a repertoire good moves to latch onto when crises occur.
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We know how to reach out, seek help, perhaps move away and only take as much responsibility as we are due.
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We have access to a corridor through our troubles.
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But when we have lacked this kind of tutelage, we remain in significant ways in relation to our troubles like the frightened children we once were.
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We may be tall, drive a car and sound like a grown-up, but faced with concerns, we resort to our toolkit of childlike solutions.
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We overreact, we go silent, we scream, we have little sense of other options, we feel extremely limited in our powers of protest and agency, we lose all perspective.
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To which it's appropriate, and in no way patronising, to remind ourselves of what can, in our deeper psychological selves, still be an entirely implausible thought.
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we are now adults.
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In other words, in response to the kinds of terror we knew so well at the age of four or eight, we don't have to be either as afraid or as powerless as we were.
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We can mount a direct protest, we can make an eloquent case for ourselves, we can complain and defend our position, we can rebuild our lives in a new way elsewhere.
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There are two ways to mitigate risk.
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To try to remove all risk from the world or to work on one's attitude to risk.
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Knowing that many of our fears have childhood antecedents, as do our responses to them, can free us to imagine that history won't have to repeat itself exactly.
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Adult life doesn't have to be as terrifying as our childhoods once were, and our responses to our fears can have some of the greater vigour and confidence that is the natural privilege of grown-ups.
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We'll still be worried a substantial portion of the time, but perhaps with a little less fragility and fewer burning convictions of total, upcoming catastrophe.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Why We Worry All the Time and How to Cope”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: worry, childhood, fear, selves, worries. Deze video bevat 43 zinnen en 831 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:25. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 153 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. Slechts 81% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| catastrophe zelfstandig naamwoord | /kəˈtæstɹəfi/ | catastrofe, ramp |
| antecedent zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/ | antecedent, voorafgaande |
| apprehension zelfstandig naamwoord | /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/ | arrestatie, grijpen |
| assuage werkwoord | /əˈswɑʒ/ | troosten, verzachten |
| bequeath werkwoord | /bɪˈkwiːθ/ | nalaten, overdragen |
| boundless bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈbaʊndləs/ | grenzeloos, onbegrensd |
| disloyal bijvoeglijk naamwoord | [dɪsˈlɔɪ(j)əɫ] | ontrouw |
| eloquent bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɛl.əˌkwənt/ | welsprekend, eloquent |
| fascinate werkwoord | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | fascineren |
| fragility zelfstandig naamwoord | /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/ | broosheid |
| frighten werkwoord | /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/ | bang maken, beangstigen |
| humiliate werkwoord | /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/ | vernederen, verootmoedigen |
| illustrious bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪˈlʌs.tɹi.əs/ | illuster, roemrijk |
| indiscriminately bijwoord | lukraak, zonder onderscheid | |
| powerless bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈpaʊɚləs/ | machteloos |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| find out werkwoord | ontdekken, onderzoeken |
| grow up werkwoord | opgroeien |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | being left · is revealed · be humiliated |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has come · have not been · have been |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | people who depend · someone who once |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 8 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, we're, doesn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: bequeath /bɪˈkwiːθ/, thesis /ˈθisɪs/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, assuage /əˈswɑʒ/, marshal /ˈmɑɹʃəl/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/, antecedent /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/, apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, fragility /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: assuage /əˈswɑʒ/, tutelage /ˈtjuːtɪlɪd͡ʒ/, unfold /ʌnˈfoʊld/, blizzard /ˈblɪz.ɚd/, dread /dɹɛd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/, antecedent /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/, apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, overreact /ˌoʊ.vəɹ.ɹiˈækt/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: vigour /ˈvɪɡɚ/, mitigate /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, disgrace /dɪsˈɡɹeɪs/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als catastrophe, antecedent, apprehension.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.