Shadowing Practice: Why We Worry All the Time and How to Cope - Learn English Speaking with Video
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It's not an illustrious category to belong to, of course, but there are plenty of us at least.
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We worry about work, money, being left, illness, disappointing, over-promising, madness, disgrace, just to start the list.
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We worry in the early hours, we worry on holiday, we worry at parties, and we worry all the time while we're trying to smile and seem normal to good people who depend on us.
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Thus, it can feel pretty unbearable at moments.
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A standard approach when trying to assuage our blizzard of worries is to look at each in turn and marshal sensible arguments against their probabilities.
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But it can, at points, also be helpful not to look at the specifics of every worry and instead to consider the overall position that worry has come to occupy in our lives.
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There is a hugely fascinating sentence on the topic in an essay by the great English psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott.
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The catastrophe you fear will happen has in fact already happened.
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When we worry, we're naturally fixated on what will occur next.
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It's the future with its boundless possibilities for horror that is the natural arena for exploration by our panicked thoughts.
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But in Winnicott's unexpected thesis, something else is revealed.
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The disaster that we fear is going to unfold is actually behind us.
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There is a paradox here.
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Why do we keep expecting something to happen that's already happened?
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Why don't we better distinguish past from present?
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Winnicott's answer is that it's in the nature of traumatic events from childhood not to be properly processed and as a result, like the dead who have not been adequately buried and mourned, to start to haunt us indiscriminately in adulthood.
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For example, we may panic that we are about to be humiliated and shamed.
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There are no particularly strong grounds for this in objective reality, but we are utterly convinced nevertheless because this is precisely what happened to us when we were tiny and at the hands of a parent.
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Or we worry intensely that we are about to be abandoned in love, not Not because our partner is in any significant way disloyal, but because someone who once looked after us at a very vulnerable point definitely was.
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A benefit of understanding how much our worries owe to childhood is a new sense that it isn't so much the future we should be distressed about as the past.
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We can replace dread and apprehension with something sadder yet ultimately more redemptive.
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Mourning.
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we can feel profoundly sorry for our younger selves as an alternative to being panicked for our future selves.
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Appreciating the childhood legacy of worries, we also stand to realise that we can adapt and improve on how we respond to what alarms us.
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If we have been well-parented, we will have been bequeathed a repertoire good moves to latch onto when crises occur.
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We know how to reach out, seek help, perhaps move away and only take as much responsibility as we are due.
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We have access to a corridor through our troubles.
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But when we have lacked this kind of tutelage, we remain in significant ways in relation to our troubles like the frightened children we once were.
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We may be tall, drive a car and sound like a grown-up, but faced with concerns, we resort to our toolkit of childlike solutions.
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We overreact, we go silent, we scream, we have little sense of other options, we feel extremely limited in our powers of protest and agency, we lose all perspective.
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To which it's appropriate, and in no way patronising, to remind ourselves of what can, in our deeper psychological selves, still be an entirely implausible thought.
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we are now adults.
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In other words, in response to the kinds of terror we knew so well at the age of four or eight, we don't have to be either as afraid or as powerless as we were.
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We can mount a direct protest, we can make an eloquent case for ourselves, we can complain and defend our position, we can rebuild our lives in a new way elsewhere.
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There are two ways to mitigate risk.
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To try to remove all risk from the world or to work on one's attitude to risk.
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Knowing that many of our fears have childhood antecedents, as do our responses to them, can free us to imagine that history won't have to repeat itself exactly.
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Adult life doesn't have to be as terrifying as our childhoods once were, and our responses to our fears can have some of the greater vigour and confidence that is the natural privilege of grown-ups.
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We'll still be worried a substantial portion of the time, but perhaps with a little less fragility and fewer burning convictions of total, upcoming catastrophe.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Why We Worry All the Time and How to Cope”. Las palabras que más se repiten: worry, childhood, fear, selves, worries. Este vídeo tiene 43 frases y 831 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:25. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 153 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 81 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| catastrophe sustantivo | /kəˈtæstɹəfi/ | catástrofe |
| antecedent sustantivo | /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/ | antecedente |
| apprehension sustantivo | /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/ | arresto |
| assuage verbo | /əˈswɑʒ/ | calmar, aliviar |
| bequeath verbo | /bɪˈkwiːθ/ | heredar, legar |
| boundless adjetivo | /ˈbaʊndləs/ | ilimitado, sin límites |
| childlike adjetivo | /ˈt͡ʃaɪldlaɪk/ | infantil |
| disloyal adjetivo | [dɪsˈlɔɪ(j)əɫ] | desleal |
| eloquent adjetivo | /ˈɛl.əˌkwənt/ | elocuente |
| fascinate verbo | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | fascinar |
| fixate verbo | /ˈfɪkseɪt/ | fijar |
| fragility sustantivo | /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/ | fragilidad |
| frighten verbo | /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/ | atemorizar, amedrentar |
| humiliate verbo | /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/ | humillar, papear |
| illustrious adjetivo | /ɪˈlʌs.tɹi.əs/ | ilustre, ínclito |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| find out verbo | averiguar, anoticiarse |
| grow up verbo | crecer |
| reach out verbo | tender la mano |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | being left · is revealed · be humiliated |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has come · have not been · have been |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | people who depend · someone who once |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 8 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, we're, doesn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: bequeath /bɪˈkwiːθ/, thesis /ˈθisɪs/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, assuage /əˈswɑʒ/, marshal /ˈmɑɹʃəl/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/, antecedent /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/, apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, fragility /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: overreact /ˌoʊ.vəɹ.ɹiˈækt/, vigour /ˈvɪɡɚ/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: fragility /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/, tutelage /ˈtjuːtɪlɪd͡ʒ/, hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/, haunt /hɔnt/, hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como catastrophe, antecedent, apprehension.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.