Pratique du Shadowing: Why We Worry All the Time and How to Cope - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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43 phrases
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It's not an illustrious category to belong to, of course, but there are plenty of us at least.
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We worry about work, money, being left, illness, disappointing, over-promising, madness, disgrace, just to start the list.
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We worry in the early hours, we worry on holiday, we worry at parties, and we worry all the time while we're trying to smile and seem normal to good people who depend on us.
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Thus, it can feel pretty unbearable at moments.
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A standard approach when trying to assuage our blizzard of worries is to look at each in turn and marshal sensible arguments against their probabilities.
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But it can, at points, also be helpful not to look at the specifics of every worry and instead to consider the overall position that worry has come to occupy in our lives.
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There is a hugely fascinating sentence on the topic in an essay by the great English psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott.
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The catastrophe you fear will happen has in fact already happened.
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When we worry, we're naturally fixated on what will occur next.
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It's the future with its boundless possibilities for horror that is the natural arena for exploration by our panicked thoughts.
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But in Winnicott's unexpected thesis, something else is revealed.
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The disaster that we fear is going to unfold is actually behind us.
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There is a paradox here.
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Why do we keep expecting something to happen that's already happened?
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Why don't we better distinguish past from present?
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Winnicott's answer is that it's in the nature of traumatic events from childhood not to be properly processed and as a result, like the dead who have not been adequately buried and mourned, to start to haunt us indiscriminately in adulthood.
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For example, we may panic that we are about to be humiliated and shamed.
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There are no particularly strong grounds for this in objective reality, but we are utterly convinced nevertheless because this is precisely what happened to us when we were tiny and at the hands of a parent.
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Or we worry intensely that we are about to be abandoned in love, not Not because our partner is in any significant way disloyal, but because someone who once looked after us at a very vulnerable point definitely was.
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A benefit of understanding how much our worries owe to childhood is a new sense that it isn't so much the future we should be distressed about as the past.
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We can replace dread and apprehension with something sadder yet ultimately more redemptive.
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Mourning.
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we can feel profoundly sorry for our younger selves as an alternative to being panicked for our future selves.
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Appreciating the childhood legacy of worries, we also stand to realise that we can adapt and improve on how we respond to what alarms us.
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If we have been well-parented, we will have been bequeathed a repertoire good moves to latch onto when crises occur.
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We know how to reach out, seek help, perhaps move away and only take as much responsibility as we are due.
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We have access to a corridor through our troubles.
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But when we have lacked this kind of tutelage, we remain in significant ways in relation to our troubles like the frightened children we once were.
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We may be tall, drive a car and sound like a grown-up, but faced with concerns, we resort to our toolkit of childlike solutions.
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We overreact, we go silent, we scream, we have little sense of other options, we feel extremely limited in our powers of protest and agency, we lose all perspective.
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To which it's appropriate, and in no way patronising, to remind ourselves of what can, in our deeper psychological selves, still be an entirely implausible thought.
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we are now adults.
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In other words, in response to the kinds of terror we knew so well at the age of four or eight, we don't have to be either as afraid or as powerless as we were.
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We can mount a direct protest, we can make an eloquent case for ourselves, we can complain and defend our position, we can rebuild our lives in a new way elsewhere.
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There are two ways to mitigate risk.
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To try to remove all risk from the world or to work on one's attitude to risk.
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Knowing that many of our fears have childhood antecedents, as do our responses to them, can free us to imagine that history won't have to repeat itself exactly.
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Adult life doesn't have to be as terrifying as our childhoods once were, and our responses to our fears can have some of the greater vigour and confidence that is the natural privilege of grown-ups.
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We'll still be worried a substantial portion of the time, but perhaps with a little less fragility and fewer burning convictions of total, upcoming catastrophe.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why We Worry All the Time and How to Cope ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : worry, childhood, fear, selves, worries. Cette vidéo contient 43 phrases et 831 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:25. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 153 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 81 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| catastrophe nom | /kəˈtæstɹəfi/ | catastrophe |
| antecedent nom | /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/ | antécédent |
| assuage verbe | /əˈswɑʒ/ | assouvir, soulager |
| bequeath verbe | /bɪˈkwiːθ/ | léguer, transmettre |
| boundless adjectif | /ˈbaʊndləs/ | illimité |
| disloyal adjectif | [dɪsˈlɔɪ(j)əɫ] | déloyal |
| eloquent adjectif | /ˈɛl.əˌkwənt/ | éloquent |
| fascinate verbe | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | fasciner |
| fragility nom | /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/ | fragilité |
| frighten verbe | /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/ | effrayer, redouter |
| humiliate verbe | /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/ | humilier |
| illustrious adjectif | /ɪˈlʌs.tɹi.əs/ | illustre |
| indiscriminately adverbe | sans distinction, à tort et à travers | |
| overreact verbe | /ˌoʊ.vəɹ.ɹiˈækt/ | s'emporter, surréagir |
| powerless adjectif | /ˈpaʊɚləs/ | impuissant |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
| grow up verbe | grandir |
| move away verbe | déménager |
| reach out verbe | tendre la main |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | being left · is revealed · be properly processed |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has come · have not been · have been |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who depend · someone who once |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 8 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, we're, doesn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: bequeath /bɪˈkwiːθ/, thesis /ˈθisɪs/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, assuage /əˈswɑʒ/, marshal /ˈmɑɹʃəl/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/, antecedent /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/, apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, fragility /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/, haunt /hɔnt/, hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: childlike /ˈt͡ʃaɪldlaɪk/, fragility /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/, tutelage /ˈtjuːtɪlɪd͡ʒ/, hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/, apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/, fragility /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/, frighten /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/, illustrious /ɪˈlʌs.tɹi.əs/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme catastrophe, antecedent, assuage.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.