Практика Shadowing: How Do Our Bodies Move? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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Hey there!
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I'm sure you know, like Squeaks here does, that exercise is a really important part of keeping your body healthy and strong.
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And whether you're running a race, playing football, or just doing a whole bunch of jumping jacks, exercise means moving.
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And one SciShow Kids viewer named Autumn wants to know, how does my body move?
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Really awesome question, Autumn!
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Your body is made up of lots of different parts that all have very special jobs.
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To help keep things organized, scientists sometimes group the parts of our bodies into what we call body systems.
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And all of the parts in a certain body system work together to accomplish a goal.
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When it comes to making you move, it takes three body systems working together to get the job done.
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They're called the muscular system, the skeletal system, and the nervous system.
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Ready to check them out?
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Let's start with the muscular system.
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Your muscular system is made of, well, muscles.
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Muscle is the stuff — what scientists call tissue — that allows you to move around.
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Muscles don't just help you to swing a bat or jump to catch a ball.
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Some muscles help you chew, wiggle your nose, stick out your tongue, or even blink.
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And some muscles, like the ones in your back and legs, just help to hold your body upright So you can walk, run, or simply sit.
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Muscle tissue is pretty flexible, kind of like thick rubber or elastic.
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And also like rubber, it can stretch and change shape.
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Let's see how.
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When you bend your arm at the elbow, a muscle called your bicep contracts or squeezes together.
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When it contracts, its shape gets shorter and thicker.
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When you straighten your arm, your bicep relaxes.
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When a muscle relaxes, its shape gets longer and thinner.
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But muscles contracting and relaxing aren't enough to make us move.
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They need to be attached to another part of our body to get the job done.
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And that's where the next system, the skeletal system, comes in.
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The main part of your skeletal system, the skeleton, is made of all your hard, sturdy bones.
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Although we sometimes think of skeletons as dead things, especially around Halloween, that's actually not true.
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Your bones are very much alive, and they have many jobs.
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One of the most important jobs is to support or hold up the rest of your body, and this includes your muscles.
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Strong cords, called tendons, attach your muscles to your bones.
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When a muscle contracts or relaxes, it pulls the bone into a different position, which makes it move.
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But how do your muscles know they're supposed to move at all?
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Well, they know because they're under control of your nervous system.
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The most important part of your nervous system is your brain.
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Your brain is kind of like your body's command center.
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When you decide to move, your brain sends signals to your muscles, giving them specific instructions on what to do.
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Say you're trying to pick up a snack.
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Your brain sends signals to the muscles in your hand and wrist, telling some of them to contract.
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As the muscles contract, they pull the bones in your fingers, so that you can grab the apple.
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Then your brain sends more signals to your arm muscles, telling them to move the bones in your arm, so that you can bring the apple right to your mouth.
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Snack accomplished!
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So it takes the actions of three body systems to help us move — the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.
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Autumn, thanks for watching SciShow Kids and asking such a great question!
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And if anyone else has a question for any of us here at the fort, let us know by leaving a comment or emailing us at kids at thescishow .com.
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Thanks guys, see ya later!
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 47 предложений и 641 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 3:11. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 202 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 менее частых слов из видео с произношением и значением:
- muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ (существительное) — мы́шца, му́скул. A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
- bone /boʊn/ (существительное) — кость. A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
- relax /ɹɪˈlæks/ (глагол) — расслабля́ть, рассла́бить. To make something loose.
- muscular /ˈmʌs.kjʊl.ə/ (прилагательное) — мускули́стый, си́льный. Of, relating to, or connected with muscles.
- thick /θɪk/ (прилагательное) — то́лстый. Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension.
- tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ (существительное) — ткань. Thin, woven, gauzelike fabric.
- rubber /ˈɹʌbɚ/ (существительное) — рези́на, каучу́к. Pliable material derived from the sap of the rubber tree; a hydrocarbon biopolymer of isoprene.
- scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (существительное) — учёный, учёная. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
- accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/ (глагол) — заверша́ть, заверши́ть. To finish successfully.
- snack /snæk/ (существительное) — заку́ска, переку́ска. A light meal.
- skeleton /ˈskɛlətən/ (существительное) — скеле́т. The system that provides support to an organism, where in vertebrates it is internal and consists of bones and cartilage, and external in some other animals.
- attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ (глагол) — прикрепля́ть, прикрепи́ть. To fasten, to join to (literally and figuratively).
- finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ (существительное) — па́лец, перст. A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb, and the corresponding part, irrespective of including a thumb, in many other…
- thin /ˈθɪn/ (прилагательное) — то́нкий. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
- fort /fɔɹt/ (существительное) — форт. A fortified defensive structure stationed with troops.
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
- come in /ˌkʌm ˈɪn/ (глагол) — вступа́ть, вступи́ть. To enter.
- hold up (глагол) — задерживать, ждать. To wait or delay.
- pick up (глагол) — подбира́ть, подобра́ть. To lift; to grasp and raise.
- stick out (глагол) — торча́ть, высо́вываться. To protrude.
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 8 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например they're, you're, aren't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: thick /θɪk/, thin /ˈθɪn/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как muscle, bone, relax.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | is made · be attached |
| Превосходная степень the -est / the most … — самое большое или малое в группе | the most important |
| Present Continuous am/is/are + -ing — то, что происходит сейчас или в эти дни | you're running · you're trying |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.