Практика Shadowing: Unit 4 Family structures - Collins Listening For IELTS - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Collins English for exams.

Listening for IELTS.

HarperCollins Publishes 2011

Track 21.

My family isn't very big, there's just my son and me.

I'm a single parent.

For the last ten years I've been concentrating on looking after my son James, who's now fourteen, But now I've met someone special, and we've just got engaged.

My fiancé has four kids of his own, and we're gonna get married in July.

James is really excited about it.

He's looking forward to having brothers and sisters in his new stepfamily.

We live as one big extended family.

There are seven of us in our household.

Besides my husband and me and our children, there's my aunt and two of my cousins.

I stay at home and care for my mother because she's quite old and can't look after herself.

Obviously we suffer from a lack of space in the house, but we all get on well.

Track 22.

1. Firstly, I am going to talk about the role of the parent.

Secondly, I'll discuss the role of the child.

And lastly, we'll look at the family unit as a whole.

2. Parenting is a difficult job because no two children are ever the same.

3. Families are important because they form the basis for socialization.

Additionally, they educate and protect the next generation.

4. The family structure has varied greatly over time.

That is, different times have had different views of what a traditional family structure is.

5. Many argue that less traditional structures are not as effective.

However, there is little evidence to support this.

6. Many people are having families later in life.

Consequently, the rise in the number of single people may only be temporary.

7. Families in other parts of the world differ from the Western norm.

for instance in some cultures having multiple husbands or wives is the norm 8.

although there are many arguments for trying to keep the traditional family structure strong

I feel the key issue is the economic necessity of having a normal family structure.

Track 23.

As we have seen, changes in the structure of the family are constantly occurring,

extended to nuclear, patrifocal to a more equal footing between the sexes and dual parenting to single parenting.

However, a recent phenomenon in the UK, which is changing the traditional family,

is the increasing number of adults who continue to live with their parents until their 30s or sometimes even their 40s.

The UK has traditionally been a society where offspring leave the family home in their late teens

or early twenties to set up their own home and families.

But in the last 25 years, this has decreased.

Official statistics released by the Office of National Statistics show

that today 10 % of men in their early 30s still live with their parents.

This compares with 5 % of women in this age range.

The reasons for this are complex and varied.

It cannot be denied that some people are choosing to stay at home.

Living with parents can be an easy option.

Food is provided, heating and electricity are paid for, and rent, if any, is minimal.

However, a third of those surveyed claimed they are living with their parents

because it is too difficult to get on the property ladder.

House prices in the last few decades have risen dramatically, Property is now five times the average annual salary,

whereas it was only three times the average annual wage in the 1980s.

This fact, coupled with high unemployment amongst young people, makes it virtually impossible for a single person to buy a home or even rent.

The number of students going on to higher education has also been steadily increasing.

Many of these students return home after finishing their studies as a result of the student debt they have accumulated.

It can take many years to pay this off, and if the burden of rent or a mortgage is added to that, It can be just too much for a young adult's pocket.

However, help is now at hand.

The government is tackling some of the problems that cause people to remain with their parents with a new scheme.

The Affordable Housing Scheme

This aims to help people part -buy a house or flat by making housing more affordable for first -time buyers,

and possibly taking the strain away from elderly parents.

Track 24.

The family is a topic which we will look at in great detail this term.

For sociologists, the family is often seen as the beginning of socialization.

Indeed, it is the seed of society itself.

In recent decades, many old people have no longer been able to rely on their offspring for support, which was common 50 years ago.

Many children are brought up by only one parent, something virtually unheard of before the 1960s,

We can certainly say that during the last half century, we have seen an enormous change in traditional family structures.

The extended family lasted well into the early 1900s, and this kind of strong family unit was essential due to property ownership.

Housing often was scarce, and it was necessary for people to live with parents

and take over the property when their parents died.

Of course, people still benefit from their family line.

Still today, people generally inherit any money that their mother or father might have.

in the uk the last 50 years has also seen a decrease in the number of offspring parents have

whereas in the 1950s only 10 of offspring were only children This number has risen.

Nowadays, this is the case for just over a third of children.

track 25.

Thank you.

In Victorian times, the upper classes made up less than 3 % of the entire population of Britain.

Yet this class held more than ninety percent of the country's wealth, This shows the massive gap there was between rich and poor,

a gap which has shrunk considerably in the last century.

Today we're going to look at the wide differences in family life between rich and poor in Victorian times.

Let's begin with the upper classes.

The upper classes of the Victorian period were generally the nobility or the clergy.

Most of their servants were very poorly paid, but were always accommodated within the homes of upper -class Victorian families,

so they didn't have to pay for accommodation, food, and often clothing.

The money which they did earn, they normally send home to their families.

Many Victorian servants came from the countryside, where the effects of the Industrial Revolution had resulted in job losses.

Amongst these servants were cooks, housemaids, stable -hands and butlers.

The family would also employ a nanny, who, although employed by the family, was not traditionally seen as a servant.

A nanny's primary role was to care for the children.

She was responsible for teaching the children how to behave, looking after them when they were ill, and instilling discipline into them.

Nannies did not, however, educate the children.

Generally, children from wealthy families did not attend school outside the family home.

Tutors would come to the house to do this, and although on occasion mothers taught their children to read and fathers gave their children some instruction in Latin,

this was not a common occurrence.

Now, the Victorian upper classes had the reputation of being quite cruel, But this wasn't always the case.

They were also quite charitable.

Ragged schools were set up with funding from the upper classes so that poor children could have some form of education.

Additionally, most Victorian parents were very proud of their children, who were often seen as prized possessions.

100

this goes against the common idea that parents were very hard on their children In fact, the opposite was generally the rule.

101

However, The situation for lower -class families was very different.

102

In the lower classes, child labour was rife.

103

Children as young as eight earned a living as chimney sweeps for wealthy houses.

104

Now, Let's move on to looking at the lower class families in more detail.

105

You'll find that very often...

106

Track 26.

107

Section 4.

108

You will hear a lecture on changes in family structure.

109

First, you will have 20 seconds to look at questions 1 to 10.

110

Now listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 10.

111

We are all familiar with the nuclear family, which has been the dominant family structure in the UK for the last 60 years at least.

112

However, recent changes show that our idea of the traditional nuclear family as the cornerstone of British family life is changing.

113

There have been emerging patterns which are eroding this structure, namely the rise of step -families,

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cohabitation, lone parenting and the rapid increase in those living alone.

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We are going to explore these areas in turn and look at their effect in terms of the family.

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Firstly, step -families are becoming more and more common.

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Step -families are created when one or both partners have a child or children from a previous relationship.

118

In 1980, the percentage of children under 13 who were living with one parent and their new partner was just 4%.

119

In 2008, this figure had increased to 20%.

120

The USA has seen an even greater rise.

121

New statistics show that almost half of under -13s are living in a stepfamily.

122

Now, we can still call the stepfamily structure a nuclear family, as it does follow the structure of two parents and dependent children.

123

However, it also creates somewhat of a nuclear blur.

124

Step -brothers and sisters may belong to two family units, so where do we draw the line at which family they belong to?

125

Cohabitation, when partners do not marry yet live together as a family, has also increased.

126

In 2006, of the 17 .5 million families in Britain, nearly 3 million of these comprised unmarried couples.

127

What does this mean to the nuclear family?

128

Firstly, the traditional view of a nuclear family requires married parents, so we can't put these types of family under this umbrella.

129

Statistics show that even if cohabiting couples have children, they are more likely to separate than their married equivalents.

130

Lastly, we need to look at the rise of the DINX, which stands for Dual Income, No Kids.

131

As Clark and Henwood outline, many cohabiting couples are choosing a life without children, putting consumer spending first.

132

Lone parenting is a relatively recent family structure which has rapidly grown in the last half century.

133

In 1972, only one in 14 children lived in a lone parent family.

134

When we compare this with today's figure of 1 in 4, we can see that this is a rapid increase.

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In the past, lone parenthood was overwhelmingly the result of a death of a parent, Nowadays, however, it is increasingly a choice.

136

Some sociologists argue that this increase is due to the outlook of women.

137

Where women once were willing to accept an unhappy or abusive marriage, now many will choose lone parenthood.

138

Often this can be just a transitory phase before they find a new partner, This view of women's attitudes and lone parenting is highly debated

139

because some figures show that the largest group of lone parents are mothers who have never married.

140

You can find counter -arguments for these ideas in Butler and Jones.

141

One difficulty for single parents is

142

that they are a social group who are much more likely to suffer from poverty and hardship.

143

They are more likely to live in rented accommodation and have childcare issues.

144

Lastly, an increasing number of people are choosing to live alone.

145

The number of people living alone in Britain has more than doubled in the last twenty years.

146

In 1990, just over four million people lived alone.

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Now this figure has reached 8 .5 million, an incredibly rapid growth which has had enormous effects on the traditional nuclear family.

148

This number represents a great chunk of the population who either by choice or necessity are outside the traditional family unit.

149

Some think that these changes may not help the community.

150

In fact, there are many arguments

151

that this rise in alternative household structures will create a more isolationist and less community -based society.

152

where close bonds which are usually formed within the family have no place

153

Leaving aside whether or not the housing even exists for this boom,

154

an important factor which must be looked at is the disproportionate expense for those living on their own.

155

By this I mean the burden of all costs is shouldered by one wage instead of two,

156

and of course one person is using the energy which could be shared between a group, having a greater impact on the environment too.

157

However, on a more positive note, people, especially women, are proving to be extremely...

158

That is the end of the listening test.

159

In the exam, you will have half a minute to check your answers.

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Почему стоит практиковать разговорную речь с этим видео?

Практика английского языка с помощью видео может значительно улучшить ваши навыки общения. В данном видео обсуждаются различные семейные структуры, что создает идеальный контекст для использования реальных диалогов и выражений. Слушая, как спикер делится своим опытом, вы сможете не только улучшить восприятие на слух, но и научитесь строить фразы в разговорной речи. Это отличный способ учить английский с YouTube, так как видео предоставляют живые примеры использования языка в естественной обстановке.

Грамматика и выражения в контексте

"My family isn't very big" - использование отрицательной формы для описания семьи помогает понять, как британцы говорят о своей жизни.
"I’m a single parent" - конструкции с "to be" часто используются для введения в тему и выражения личной информации.
"We live as one big extended family" - применение словосочетаний для описания семейных отношений делает речь более естественной и сочной.
"There are seven of us in our household" - изучение чисел и формулировок для обозначения количества помогает вам более точно рассказывать о своей жизни.
"We all get on well" - фраза показывает, как в английском языке описываются отношения между людьми.

Эти конструкции не только полезны для понимания, но и для активного использования в вашем разговорном английском. Используя shadowing английский, вы сможете практиковать их на практике.

Распространенные трудности в произношении

Некоторые слова и выражения в этом видео могут вызвать сложности при произношении. Например, "extended family" может звучать иначе для разных носителей, что делает его трудным для восприятия. Также стоит обратить внимание на слово "household", которое часто произносится с легким акцентом, что важно учитывать, если вы хотите говорить более естественно.

Пробуйте применять shadow speech техники, повторяя за спикером, чтобы улучшить вашу интонацию и акцент. Это поможет вам избежать распространенных ошибок и сделать ваше произношение более уверенным. Используйте предложения из видео как основу для вашей практики через shadowing site и научитесь говорить более свободно.

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Present Perfect Continuous have/has been + -ing — действие началось раньше и продолжается	I've been concentrating · have been emerging
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	I've met · has varied · have had
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	cannot be denied · is provided · is added
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	support, which was · gap which has · patterns which are

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

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Почему стоит практиковать разговорную речь с этим видео?

Грамматика и выражения в контексте

Распространенные трудности в произношении

Грамматика в этом видео

Что такое техника Shadowing?