Практика Shadowing: What If You Lit a Match on Jupiter, Would The Planet Explode? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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What do you think of when you hear the word giant?
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Niagara Falls, Mount Everest, or maybe the Andromeda galaxy?
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There are four planets in our solar system that are called giants.
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The largest of them is Jupiter.
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To understand its size, imagine this.
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All the inner planets, namely
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Mercury, Venus, Mars, and our native
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Earth, are only 0.4% of the mass of all the planets in the solar system.
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Do you know how much of the total mass went to Jupiter?
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71%.
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That is, Jupiter is many times more massive than any other object in our planetary system.
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But the most interesting thing is that
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Jupiter is a ready-made thermonuclear bomb of monstrous power, and not just a piece of stone hanging in space.
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This means it remains to be blown up properly.
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The planet belongs to the so-called gas giants.
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It's mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, just like our sun, which burns due to continuous thermonuclear reactions.
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What if such a reaction were triggered on Jupiter?
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If we ignited the combustible gases and dust in Jupiter's atmosphere with an ordinary match,
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would the planet be engulfed in universal flames and would there be an explosion?
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In fact, in the atmosphere of Jupiter, about 250,000 such matches are lit every second.
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Or rather, meteors.
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They're attracted to the planet from space and burn up in the atmosphere.
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But this doesn't lead to ignition, because there's no free oxygen on the gas giant.
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And fire doesn't burn without oxygen.
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Try lighting a candle and covering it tightly with a glass flask.
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You'll notice that after a few seconds, it goes out.
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Because all the oxygen in the flask simply burns up.
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Hydrogen, which makes up almost 90% of the planet, is explosive only in the presence of oxygen.
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So we can't start a thermonuclear reaction with a normal match.
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Jupiter simply doesn't have the kind of fire we're used to seeing on Earth.
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If it could be set on fire, small meteors would have done so long ago.
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But matches aren't the most technologically advanced invention of mankind.
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We could try to start a thermonuclear reaction with something more powerful.
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For example, a nuclear bomb.
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In fact, we don't need to detonate a bomb on Jupiter to know what would happen.
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Over the past 30 years, the planet has experienced such terrible disasters.
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Even the most powerful nuclear warhead on Earth wouldn't be able to repeat them.
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In 1994, astronomers, for the first time in history,
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were able to record the collision of a large cosmic body with a planet in the solar system.
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From the 16th to the 22nd of July, a veritable apocalypse was taking place on Jupiter.
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21 fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit the gas giant, causing severe surface disturbances.
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In less than a week, the southern hemisphere of Jupiter was covered with traces of collisions.
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The biggest disaster occurred on the morning of July 18th, after the largest fragment of the comet hit,
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A dark spot with a diameter of 7,500 miles appeared on the planet.
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This is only 450 miles less than the diameter of the Earth.
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However, Jupiter was unharmed.
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Astronomers observed explosions of up to 6 million megatons.
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This is 750 times more powerful than an explosion of all the nuclear weapons that man has managed to create.
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But the traces of the disaster disappeared from the surface of the giant planet within a week.
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This isn't the only case of a bombardment of the surface of Jupiter by cosmic bodies.
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In the year 2009, another object, presumably a comet, collided with the planet.
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The impact caused a dark spot the size of the Pacific Ocean to appear on the surface.
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But even this wasn't enough to start a chain thermonuclear reaction.
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So, even if we sent all the nuclear bombs to Jupiter and detonated them, there would be no apocalypse.
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However, there is one but.
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There's a theory on the explosion of giant planets.
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It says that humans could destroy
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Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune with their own hands.
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If you organized a nuclear explosion not on the surface of the planet,
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but deep inside it, you could start a chain thermonuclear reaction.
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With that, after the explosion of Jupiter, humanity, in theory, would come to an end.
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It's all about metallic hydrogen, which is stored under monstrous pressure in the bowels of giant planets.
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If you're tormented by the question of what the ecological fuel of the future may be, the answer can be found inside hydrogen planets.
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The fact is that during the transition of solid hydrogen to the usual molecular phase,
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about 20 times more energy is released than when it's burned.
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Having a very small fuel block of metallic hydrogen, it would be possible to provide energy to a whole house for several years.
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A future where terminators live on self-sufficiently for hundreds of years may become a reality.
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Although the existence of metallic hydrogen was predicted as early as the 1930s,
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it was only possible to obtain it in extremely small quantities in 2016 by scientists at Harvard University.
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However, their achievement was rather coldly received in the scientific community.
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It was only recently that French physicists confirmed that solid hydrogen exists and can be produced on Earth.
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However, for this, we have to create a pressure of 4 million atmospheres.
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Let's go back to the explosion of Jupiter.
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On September 21, 2003, NASA decided to sink the Galileo space probe into the planet's atmosphere.
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On board the spacecraft were 26 pounds of radioactive plutonium-238,
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though it only takes 22 pounds to start a chain reaction.
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According to unconfirmed reports, an explosion occurred inside
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Jupiter, which left a large black spot on its surface.
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This is according to the American writer Richard Hoagland.
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But, in fact, as NASA says, the shadow of the satellite fell into the frame of the telescope,
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and it has nothing to do with the explosion.
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At the same time, Richard himself is a supporter of various conspiracy theories, and often publishes provocative articles.
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So draw your own conclusions.
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In reality, Jupiter could still be blown up.
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However, to do this, you would need to send a nuclear bomb the size of the moon to its core.
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And purely hypothetically, a self-sustaining thermonuclear fusion reaction could occur.
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From such an explosion, the gas giant would simply be blown apart, and there would be a large-scale catastrophe for the entire solar system.
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Jupiter's explosion would be similar to a supernova explosion, but on a smaller scale.
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A huge amount of thermal energy
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and radiation would be released into outer space solar wind currents would be disrupted
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and most planets would permanently change their orbits the earth as we know
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it would cease to exist after the explosion
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we would lose the ozone layer along with the rest of the atmosphere
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and inevitably die from cosmic radiation
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and in the sky for a long time the consequences of the explosion would be visible to the naked eye
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but there would be no one to see the spectacle.
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Only one question remains.
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If Jupiter has so much hydrogen, why doesn't it turn into a star instead of remaining a planet?
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This is because the mass of the gas giant remains too small for such a transformation.
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Hydrogen in stars is in a plasma state.
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That is, it's heated to extreme temperatures due to reactions in the core.
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Jupiter could be a star if it were 80 times larger.
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Then the temperature inside the planet would reach 18 million degrees Fahrenheit, and we would see another bright star in the sky.
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One thing we know for sure, in our lifetime, no matter how hard we try, we won't be able to blow up Jupiter.
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Therefore, don't be afraid to leave the house because of a supernova explosion.
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It's better to wait until dark, take a small telescope
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and look at the largest planet in the solar system with your own eyes and as always thank you for watching
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «What If You Lit a Match on Jupiter, Would The Planet Explode?». Чаще всего повторяются слова: Jupiter, planet, explosion, hydrogen, giant. В этом видео 106 предложений и 1327 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 9:54. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 134 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 78% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| explosion существительное | /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ | взрыв |
| hydrogen существительное | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | водоро́д |
| atmosphere существительное | /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ | атмосфе́ра |
| oxygen существительное | /ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/ | кислоро́д |
| occur глагол | /əˈkɜː/ | происходи́ть, произойти́ |
| disaster существительное | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | бе́дствие, катастро́фа |
| metallic прилагательное | /məˈtæl.ɪk/ | металли́ческий |
| cosmic прилагательное | /ˈkɑz.mɪk/ | косми́ческий |
| comet существительное | /ˈkɒmɪt/ | коме́та |
| radiation существительное | /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ | излуче́ние |
| trace существительное | /tɹeɪs/ | слежка, прослушка |
| diameter существительное | /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/ | диа́метр, попере́чник |
| collision существительное | /kəˈlɪʒn̩/ | столкнове́ние, соударе́ние |
| telescope существительное | /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/ | телеско́п |
| apocalypse существительное | /əˈpɑkəlɪps/ | апока́липсис |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| blow up глагол | взрыва́ть, взорва́ть | |
| go out глагол | выходи́ть, вы́йти | |
| make up глагол | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | составля́ть, соста́вить |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are called · be blown · were triggered |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has experienced · has managed |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | Hydrogen, which makes · hydrogen, which is |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 16 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например doesn't, don't, aren't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, thermonuclear /ˌθɜɹ.moʊˈn(j)uk.li.əɹ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, collision /kəˈlɪʒn̩/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, apocalypse /əˈpɑkəlɪps/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/, quantity /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, hemisphere /ˈhɛmɪsfɪə/, helium /ˈhiː.li.əm/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: pound /ˈpaʊ̯nd/, naked /ˈneɪkɪd/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/, probe /pɹoʊb/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как explosion, hydrogen, atmosphere.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.