跟讀練習: Einstein’s beef with quantum physics, explained | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think - 通過影片學習英語口語
選擇練習模式
每種模式都會開啟全屏練習室。
57 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
1
Einstein is celebrated for giving us the special theory of relativity.
2
The fact that nothing goes faster than light, time is the fourth dimension.
沒有任何物體的速度能超過光速，這一事實表明時間是第四維度。
3
But he didn't come up with the equations.
但那些方程並不是他提出的。
4
That was the interpretation, the narrative of the equations.
那就是這些方程式的解釋，也就是它們所呈現的邏輯脈絡。
5
And it's the same with any other theory in physics.
物理學中的其他任何理論也都是如此。
6
With quantum mechanics it's different.
量子力學的情況則有所不同。
7
We have the equations of quantum mechanics, but we can't agree on what that equation means.
我們已經掌握了量子力學的方程，但對於這些方程的含義，我們卻無法達成共識。
8
Schrodinger's equation being the most famous one, we can crank the handle and produce numbers from the equation, but the narrative, the story,
薛定諤方程是其中最著名的一個，我們可以按部就班地從這個方程算出數值，但背後的邏輯、它所講述的故事，
9
the explanation is still something that we're arguing about.
關於這一點的解釋，我們目前仍存在爭議。
10
And that bugs me.
這讓我很惱火。
11
By the end of the 19th century, it was already known that we needed some new physics to explain mysterious phenomena,
到19世紀末，人們已經認識到需要有新的物理學理論來解釋那些神秘的現象。
12
X -rays, like radioactivity, that energy seemed to be coming out of nowhere, to understand the behavior or the structure of the atom.
X射線與放射性現象一樣，其能量似乎是憑空產生的，這推動了人們對原子行為或原子結構的理解。
13
And so when quantum mechanics came along, it wasn't because physicists were sitting scratching their heads,
因此，當量子力學出現時，並不是因為物理學家們坐在那裡絞盡腦汁，
14
thinking there must be some deeper understanding of the nature of reality.
我一直覺得，人們對現實的本質一定存在某種更深層的理解。
15
I know, let's come up with quantum mechanics.
16
It was forced on physicists because of experimental results
17
that were inexplicable it's a fuzzy probabilistic world things are never
18
behaving in one way for certain atoms can have two energies
19
at the same time electrons can be in two places at
20
the same time particles aren't discrete little lumps they can sometimes
21
behave like spread out waves of probability it's really down at a level far beyond anything
22
that we can visualize or imagine
23
if we think about everyday objects a tennis ball for example subject to the laws of newtonian mechanics.
24
You drop down orders of magnitude down to a millimetre, down to a micrometre, down to the scale of individual cells or bacteria.
25
Ultimately, when you get down to something like a billionth of a metre, then you start to encounter the fuzziness of the quantum world.
26
The founding fathers of quantum mechanics in the 1920s, people like the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli.
27
And they realized they could make predictions for the results of measurements.
28
But you only make the connection with the real world if you look.
29
So that's how they got away with not needing a narrative.
30
The shut up and calculate interpretation.
31
More correctly, it's known as the Copenhagen narrative.
32
But now, many physicists, including myself, argue that it's not a narrative at all.
33
It's a bury your head in the sand approach.
34
Einstein was very unhappy about this, by the way.
35
He said, no, look, the job of physics is to know and understand how the world is, not just to make predictions about the results of experiments,
36
that sort of operationalist view.
37
Well, fine, that's useful, but that doesn't give us real understanding.
38
That's why we still need a narrative.
39
The knowledge of quantum mechanics, together with Einstein's theories of relativity, really gave us the modern world.
40
We wouldn't have developed understanding of materials and how they conduct electricity, so we wouldn't have understood semiconductors we wouldn't have developed silicon chips,
41
therefore we wouldn't have computers.
42
I wouldn't be talking here in this medium today were it not for our quantum understanding.
43
But there are aspects of the quantum world that are more mysterious.
44
Quantum entanglement, for example, the idea that,
45
let's say, two electrons that are separated in space can nevertheless somehow behave in a coordinated way.
46
There are speculative ideas about whether space itself is connected together via quantum entanglement.
47
We don't all need to be experts in quantum mechanics.
48
Not even the smartest quantum physicist knows how stuff goes on inside their smartphone.
49
But we are going to be developing ideas like quantum cryptography, quantum computing, quantum sensors.
50
These are ideas and technologies that are going to affect us in our daily lives.
51
So we do need to have enough of an appreciation of the science simply to know what to trust, who to trust.
52
As we peel back layers of the onion about the nature of reality, we find deeper mysteries inside.
53
But it's also true that we are learning more.
54
We are becoming more enlightened.
55
We know a lot about how the world works now, but that doesn't mean we have reached the end of the road.
56
Now, I think there's going to be more weirdness coming down the line, And that's great.
57
I look forward to it.
同頻道
C12
Why schools of the future will be designed with geneticists | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
The shock of doing nothing | Andrew Holecek
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
Why sex, food, and shelter aren’t enough for Homo Sapiens | Agustín Fuentes
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C16
Kids don’t always make you happier. Here’s why people have them anyway. | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
A mind-blowing explanation of symmetry | Frank Wilczek for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
How evolution works, in 54 minutes | Sean B. Carroll: Full Interview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C112
Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Why ‘turning the other cheek’ is fundamentally misunderstood | Bishop Robert Barron
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
How many people are in hell? | Bishop Robert Barron
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
What kind of atheist are you? | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C185
What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
How do elite performers automate their habits? | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Where is the evidence for God? | Bishop Robert Barron
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The famous tree-falling thought experiment has a new answer | Lisa Feldman Barrett
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
12 traits emotionally intelligent people share (You can learn them) | Daniel Goleman for Big Think+
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
Become a great strategic thinker | Ian Bremmer
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Why humans believe “everything happens for a reason” | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
Would a society based on genetics be… good? | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
The lost art of accomplishment without burnout | Cal Newport for Big Think +
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
推薦影片
C15
41 句
How Einstein changed time forever | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
32 句
What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
654 句
Stuart & Cliffe Knechtle | Do Agnostics Just Want To Have Control? | Give Me an Answer
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1182 句
The Uncertainty Principle: What Does It Mean, How Does It Work?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C181 句
Mathematician Collapses All Functions to One Weird Formula
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1552 句
The Professor Who Taught People How To Think (1962)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
39 句
Why Walls STOP Light Waves But Not Radio Waves?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
6 句
Why is Stephen Fry so passionate about the ancient Greeks?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
933 句
My Joe Rogan Appearance: What I Learned (ft. Young Jamie & Viktor Hovland)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
144 句
Way of Thinking by Richard Feynman | The Cosmological Reality
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
174 句
This 1 Book Has Produced More Geniuses Than Any University in History
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
238 句
Cosmic Insignificance Theory: A Simple Idea That Will Change Your Life Forever
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
這個影片適合誰？
無論你是想提升英語口語練習的中級學者，還是對科學話題感興趣的進階學習者，這部影片都是絕佳素材。它用淺顯的語言解釋量子物理，句子結構豐富但不繁雜，非常適合練習shadow speech（影子跟讀）。跟讀時既能積累學術詞彙，又能磨練對長句的理解與表達，輕鬆實現語言和知識的雙重提升。
值得借鑒的詞彙與短語
- crank the handle：字面是「搖動把手」，影片中指「機械地計算」。可用於描述重複性但必要的工作，如「解題時別只會crank the handle，要理解背後邏輯」。
- bury your head in the sand：諺語，指「逃避現實」。例如「面對問題不能bury your head in the sand，要勇於解決」。
- peel back layers of the onion：比喻「逐步揭示真相」。可以說「科學研究就是不斷peel back layers of the onion的過程」。
如何模仿口音更地道？
這位演講者的口音清晰，語速適中，非常適合shadowing site上的跟讀練習。注意以下兩點：一是重讀關鍵詞，如「quantum mechanics」「narrative」等術語，要稍微加重語氣；二是連讀與弱讀，比如「it's a」會讀成「it's uh」，「of the」會縮讀為「ov th'」。跟讀時可以先放慢速度，專注模仿節奏，再逐漸貼近原速。堅持用shadowspeak的方式練習，你的口語流暢度一定會飛速提升！
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。