シャドーイング練習: Einstein’s beef with quantum physics, explained | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
練習モードを選ぶ
各モードは全画面の練習ルームで開きます。
57 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
Einstein is celebrated for giving us the special theory of relativity.
2
The fact that nothing goes faster than light, time is the fourth dimension.
3
But he didn't come up with the equations.
4
That was the interpretation, the narrative of the equations.
5
And it's the same with any other theory in physics.
6
With quantum mechanics it's different.
7
We have the equations of quantum mechanics, but we can't agree on what that equation means.
8
Schrodinger's equation being the most famous one, we can crank the handle and produce numbers from the equation, but the narrative, the story,
9
the explanation is still something that we're arguing about.
10
And that bugs me.
11
By the end of the 19th century, it was already known that we needed some new physics to explain mysterious phenomena,
12
X -rays, like radioactivity, that energy seemed to be coming out of nowhere, to understand the behavior or the structure of the atom.
13
And so when quantum mechanics came along, it wasn't because physicists were sitting scratching their heads,
14
thinking there must be some deeper understanding of the nature of reality.
15
I know, let's come up with quantum mechanics.
16
It was forced on physicists because of experimental results
17
that were inexplicable it's a fuzzy probabilistic world things are never
18
behaving in one way for certain atoms can have two energies
19
at the same time electrons can be in two places at
20
the same time particles aren't discrete little lumps they can sometimes
21
behave like spread out waves of probability it's really down at a level far beyond anything
22
that we can visualize or imagine
23
if we think about everyday objects a tennis ball for example subject to the laws of newtonian mechanics.
24
You drop down orders of magnitude down to a millimetre, down to a micrometre, down to the scale of individual cells or bacteria.
25
Ultimately, when you get down to something like a billionth of a metre, then you start to encounter the fuzziness of the quantum world.
26
The founding fathers of quantum mechanics in the 1920s, people like the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli.
27
And they realized they could make predictions for the results of measurements.
28
But you only make the connection with the real world if you look.
29
So that's how they got away with not needing a narrative.
30
The shut up and calculate interpretation.
31
More correctly, it's known as the Copenhagen narrative.
32
But now, many physicists, including myself, argue that it's not a narrative at all.
33
It's a bury your head in the sand approach.
34
Einstein was very unhappy about this, by the way.
35
He said, no, look, the job of physics is to know and understand how the world is, not just to make predictions about the results of experiments,
36
that sort of operationalist view.
37
Well, fine, that's useful, but that doesn't give us real understanding.
38
That's why we still need a narrative.
39
The knowledge of quantum mechanics, together with Einstein's theories of relativity, really gave us the modern world.
40
We wouldn't have developed understanding of materials and how they conduct electricity, so we wouldn't have understood semiconductors we wouldn't have developed silicon chips,
41
therefore we wouldn't have computers.
42
I wouldn't be talking here in this medium today were it not for our quantum understanding.
43
But there are aspects of the quantum world that are more mysterious.
44
Quantum entanglement, for example, the idea that,
45
let's say, two electrons that are separated in space can nevertheless somehow behave in a coordinated way.
46
There are speculative ideas about whether space itself is connected together via quantum entanglement.
47
We don't all need to be experts in quantum mechanics.
48
Not even the smartest quantum physicist knows how stuff goes on inside their smartphone.
49
But we are going to be developing ideas like quantum cryptography, quantum computing, quantum sensors.
50
These are ideas and technologies that are going to affect us in our daily lives.
51
So we do need to have enough of an appreciation of the science simply to know what to trust, who to trust.
52
As we peel back layers of the onion about the nature of reality, we find deeper mysteries inside.
53
But it's also true that we are learning more.
54
We are becoming more enlightened.
55
We know a lot about how the world works now, but that doesn't mean we have reached the end of the road.
56
Now, I think there's going to be more weirdness coming down the line, And that's great.
57
I look forward to it.
アプリをダウンロード
流暢に話すために必要なすべて
AI発音採点文ごとに採点
IPA練習すべての音をマスター
単語学習自分の単語帳を作る
単語ゲーム遊びながら覚える
📺 同じチャンネル
C16
Kids don’t always make you happier. Here’s why people have them anyway. | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Evolution explains kindness—even when it kills us | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
Would a society based on genetics be… good? | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Is success genetic? | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C118
Why successful people set habits, not just goals | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Why schools of the future will be designed with geneticists | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
The lost art of accomplishment without burnout | Cal Newport for Big Think +
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C177
What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
A mind-blowing explanation of symmetry | Frank Wilczek for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Why humans believe “everything happens for a reason” | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
How evolution works, in 54 minutes | Sean B. Carroll: Full Interview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
Your genes affect your education. Here’s why that’s controversial. | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
How do elite performers automate their habits? | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
Hit peak performance with the power of habit | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
Why softness beats stress | Giulia Enders
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
Your brain wasn't built to hold this much information | Richard Cytowic
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Who decides what is socially “normal”? | Christine Emba
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ おすすめ動画
C12
255 文
Physicist Brian Cox explains quantum physics in 22 minutes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C181 文
Mathematician Collapses All Functions to One Weird Formula
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1182 文
The Uncertainty Principle: What Does It Mean, How Does It Work?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
322 文
ALBERT EINSTEIN liệu có phải MỘT NGƯỜI TỐT? | Minh HD | Thế giới
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
39 文
Why Walls STOP Light Waves But Not Radio Waves?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
156 文
How Quantum Batteries Break Every Rule of Charging
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1552 文
The Professor Who Taught People How To Think (1962)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1114
14 文
Arguments for God: The Fine Tuning Argument
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
162 文
Crypto Agility Explained: Protect Data from Quantum Computing Threats
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
6 文
Why is Stephen Fry so passionate about the ancient Greeks?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
427 文
The Absurd Engineering Behind the Internet
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
この動画が英語スピーキング練習に最適な理由
科学的トピックの説明は、動画で英語学習する上で理想的な素材です。ジム・アル・カリーリ博士の話し方は明瞭でリズミカルであり、専門用語と日常語のバランスが取れています。特に量子力学の概念を平易に説明する部分は、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立つ論理的な語順や接続詞の使い方を学べます。また、「bug me」「crank the handle」などのイディオムも自然に織り込まれており、実用的な表現力を養えます。
自然な表現を分解してみる
- 「That bugs me.」：「それが気になる」という直訳よりも、感情を込めた表現です。日常会話では「～がややこしい」「～が納得できない」というニュアンスで使われ、自然な流れを作ります。
- 「We can crank the handle and produce numbers from the equation.」：「ハンドルを回して」という比喩表現で、方程式を解く過程をイメージしやすくしています。比喩を使うことで専門的な内容を親しみやすく伝える技術が学べます。
- 「It's a bury your head in the sand approach.」：「砂に頭を埋める」という慣用句で、問題を避ける態度を表します。慣用句はスピーキングのスコアアップにも貢献し、shadow speakの練習で覚えると効果的です。
効果的なシャドーイング練習法
まず、動画を10秒程度の短い区間に分割します。shadowing siteを使ってもよいですが、単純に繰り返し聞きながら即座に追って話す「shadowspeak」が最も効果的です。録音機能を使って自分の発音とリズムを比較し、「was already known that」のような弱音の使い方や「but」の抑揚を確認します。1日10分、1週間続けると、自然な発話スピードとアクセントが身につきます。特に量子力学の用語は発音が難しいので、ゆっくりと正確に言えるように練習しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。