第 106 课 · 第 9 阶段: 连接观点
Like 与 as
中级Like vs as
构成与用法
like = 像……，as = 作为……：she works as a nurse; she sings like a bird
1.形式
Like 和 as 很容易混淆，但它们意思不同，后面接的词也不同。关键问题是：这个人或东西只是像，还是真的具有那个身份？
| 后面接 | 意思 | 例句 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| like | 名词 / 代词 / -ing | 像……（但其实不是） | She sings like a bird. |
| as | 名词 | 作为……（真实身份） | She works as a nurse. |
| as | 从句（主语 + 动词） | 按照……的方式 | Do it as I showed you. |
| like | 从句——非正式口语 | 按照……的方式 | Do it like I showed you. |
快速测试：问自己“是真的吗？”She works as a nurse——她就是护士。She looks like a nurse——她看起来像护士，但可能并不是。
2.Like = 像
1. Like + 名词 / 代词：像……，和……一样
Your bag is just like mine.
你的包和我的一模一样。
My little brother eats like a horse.
我弟弟饭量大得像匹马。（习语 = 吃得很多）
Speaking English is like riding a bike — the more you practise, the easier it gets.
说英语就像骑自行车——练得越多就越容易。（like + -ing）
2. look / sound / feel / taste / smell + like + 名词
Minh looks like his mum — same eyes, same smile.
阿明长得像他妈妈——一样的眼睛，一样的笑容。
That sounds like a great plan.
听起来是个好计划。
This tea tastes like jasmine.
这茶喝起来有茉莉花的味道。
3. 请别人描述：What is … like? / What does … look like?
What's your new boss like? — She's friendly but very strict.
你的新老板怎么样？——她很友好，但非常严格。
What does your brother look like? — Tall, with short hair.
你哥哥长什么样？——高个子，短头发。
4. Like = 比如（接近 such as）
I love tropical fruit, like mango and papaya.
我很喜欢热带水果，比如芒果和木瓜。
Big cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are very crowded.
像河内和胡志明市这样的大城市都非常拥挤。
3.As = 作为
As + 名词 表示某人或某物真的具有那个职业、身份或用途。常见搭配有 work as、use … as、be known as、see / describe … as，以及 as a child（= 我小时候）。
Lan works as a tour guide in Hoi An.
阿兰在会安当导游。
As your friend, I have to tell you the truth.
作为你的朋友，我必须跟你说实话。
We used an old box as a table.
我们把一个旧箱子当桌子用。
As a child, I was afraid of the dark.
小时候，我怕黑。
比较下面几组——名词相同，意思大不一样：
My uncle works as a driver.
我叔叔是司机。（他就是司机）
My uncle drives like a racing driver.
我叔叔开车像赛车手一样。（他不是赛车手）
As a teacher, I mark a lot of homework.
作为老师，我要批改很多作业。（我是老师）
She explained it slowly, like a teacher.
她讲得很慢，像个老师一样。（她不是老师）
4.As + 从句，like + 从句
As（连词）+ 从句 = “按照……的方式”。很多固定说法都用 as：
- as you know、as I said、as you can see
- as usual / as always、as expected、as we agreed
- the same as、such as
As you know, the meeting has moved to Thursday.
如你所知，会议改到星期四了。
As usual, Nam forgot his keys.
阿南又像往常一样忘带钥匙了。
Cook the rice as the packet says.
按包装上说的方法煮饭。
在非正式口语中（尤其是美式英语），母语者经常用 like + 从句 代替 as，用 like 代替 as if（见“as if / as though”一课）。正式书面语中要用 as / as if。
Nobody makes pho like my grandma does.
没人做河粉比得上我奶奶。（非正式；正式说法：as my grandma does）
Like I said, I can't come on Sunday.
我说过了，星期天我来不了。（非正式；正式说法：As I said）
It looks like it's going to rain.
看样子要下雨了。（非正式 = It looks as if…）
很多语言用同一个词表达这两种意思，所以学习者想说职业时常常说成 She works like a nurse。这句话的实际意思是“她工作起来像个护士”。表示真实的职业或身份 → 用 as：She works as a nurse。
5.常见错误
He works like a chef in a hotel.He works as a chef in a hotel.
他真的是厨师 → 用 as。
Like a student, I get a discount at the cinema.As a student, I get a discount at the cinema.
我真的是学生 → 用 as。
Your shirt looks as mine.Your shirt looks like mine.
Look + 名词/代词 → 用 like。
My phone is the same like yours.My phone is the same as yours.
固定搭配：the same as。
Like usual, the bus was late.As usual, the bus was late.
标准英语说 as usual。
How is your new teacher like?What is your new teacher like?
请别人描述：What … like?（不用 How）。
例句
- My sister works as a nurse at Bach Mai Hospital.
- Your cat sleeps all day, just like mine.
- Tuan looks like his father.
- As usual, Minh was the last to arrive.
