第 73 课 · 第 6 阶段: 动词句型
“see / hear” 某人做 / 正在做某事
中级“See / hear someone do / doing”
构成与用法
see/hear/watch + 人 + 动词或 -ing — 看到或听到某人的动作
1.形式
在感官动词——see、hear、watch、notice、feel、listen to——后面，可以用 宾语 + 动词原形 或 宾语 + -ing。主动句里没有 to，第二个动词不随时态变化。
| 句型 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| see / hear + O + V | 你看到或听到了整个动作，从头到尾 | I saw her park the car. |
| see / hear + O + -ing | 你看到或听到了正在进行的动作的一部分 | I saw her parking the car. |
只有感官动词随时态变化；第二个动词保持原形或 -ing：saw him leave / saw him leaving，不能说 “saw him left”。
2.什么时候用哪种形式
1. 动词原形——完整的动作：从开始到结束都看到或听到了，或者是一连串先后发生的动作
I saw him get off the bus and walk into the bank.
我看见他下了公交车，走进了银行。
We watched the sun go down over the sea.
我们看着太阳落到海里。
Did you hear the phone ring?
你听到电话响了吗？
2. -ing——正在进行的动作：只看到或听到其中一部分，不一定有开头或结尾
I heard someone singing in the shower.
我听到有人在洗澡时唱歌。
When I walked in, I noticed two kids hiding behind the sofa.
我一进门，就发现两个孩子正躲在沙发后面。
I could feel my heart beating fast.
我能感觉到自己的心跳得很快。
3. 很短或很长的动作：一下子就完成的动作（砰地关门、摔倒、喊一声）通常用动词原形；持续很久或反复的动作通常用 -ing
I heard the door slam.
我听到门砰的一声关上了。
I heard the dog barking all night.
我听见那条狗叫了一整夜。
4. smell、catch、find 接 -ing（不接动词原形）
I can smell something burning!
我闻到有什么东西烧焦了！
My mum caught me eating sweets before dinner.
妈妈撞见我晚饭前偷吃糖。
I found him sleeping on the sofa.
我发现他在沙发上睡着了。
3.同一个句子，两种意思
很多时候两种形式在语法上都对——你选哪种形式，意思就不一样。
I watched them play the whole match.
我看完了他们整场比赛。
I watched them playing for a few minutes, then left.
我看他们打了几分钟，然后就走了。
I saw him cross the road.
我看见他过了马路。（他走到了马路对面）
I saw him crossing the road.
我看见他正在过马路。（他正走在马路中间）
拿不准时，问问自己：我是不是从头到尾看到了整个动作？是 → 动词原形。只看到一部分 → -ing。
4.更多细节
- see、hear、smell 和 feel 前面常加 can / could：I can hear the neighbours arguing again.
- 在被动语态中，to 又回来了（比较正式）：He was seen to enter the building. -ing 形式保持不变：He was seen entering the building.
- see / hear + that + 从句 意思不同：是意识到或得知某事，而不是亲眼看到、亲耳听到：I saw that she was upset. / I heard that you got a new job.
- 人要用宾格：heard him singing，saw them leave（不用 he、they）。
5.常见错误
I saw him to leave the office.I saw him leave the office.
主动句中 see / hear 后面不加 to。
We heard her sang a beautiful song.We heard her sing a beautiful song.
第二个动词不要用过去式。
I watched him crossed the road.I watched him cross the road.
第二个动词不要用过去式。
I heard he singing in his room.I heard him singing in his room.
要用宾格（him）。
I can smell something burn.I can smell something burning.
smell 接 -ing。
例句
- I heard someone shout my name, so I turned around.
- We sat by the pool and watched them playing in the water.
- Did you actually see him take the money? I need to know if he took it.
- I can hear somebody knocking at the door. Can you open it?
