第 72 课 · 第 6 阶段: 动词句型
“make / let” 某人做某事
中级“Make / let” someone do
构成与用法
make/let + 人 + 动词 — 使某人或允许某人做某事
1.形式
make / let + 宾语 + 动词原形（不带 to）。make = 强迫或使得；let = 允许。过去式：make → made，let → let（不变）。
| make | let | |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定式 | My boss makes us work late. | My boss lets us work from home. |
| 否定式 | She didn't make me pay. | They don't let me stay out late. |
| 疑问式 | Did they make you wait? | Will you let me try? |
| 过去式 | made me laugh | let me go（let – let – let） |
make 和 let 是两个常见的不带 to 的例外。意思相近的动词——allow、force、ask——都需要 to：allow me to go。把 make 和 let 当作一对来记。
2.什么时候用
1. make = 强迫某人做某事——有权力的人让别人做某事，即使对方不愿意
Our teacher made us rewrite the whole essay.
老师让我们把整篇作文重写了一遍。
My mum makes me do my homework before dinner.
妈妈让我晚饭前先做完作业。
2. make = 使得、导致——某件事引起某种反应，并没有谁在强迫谁。make + 宾语 + 形容词也很常见：The heat makes me tired.
Onions always make me cry.
洋葱总是让我流眼泪。
What made you decide to learn Korean?
是什么让你决定学韩语的？
This song makes me feel at home.
这首歌让我有回家的感觉。
3. let = 允许某人或某物做某事——你不去阻止它
My parents let me choose my own major.
我父母让我自己选专业。
The landlord lets us keep a cat.
房东允许我们养猫。
Don't let the rice burn!
别让米饭烧焦了！
4. Let me… / Let's…——请求许可、主动帮忙、提出建议（Let's = let us——见“祈使句：Let's / Don't”一课）
Let me know when you get home.
到家了告诉我一声。
Let me carry that for you.
我来帮你拿吧。
Let's take a short break.
我们休息一会儿吧。
3.与 allow、force、have、get 比较
很多意思相同的动词需要 to。只有 make、let 和 have 接不带 to 的动词原形；help 两种都可以。
| 不带 to | 带 to | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| let sb do | allow / permit sb to do | 许可 |
| make sb do | force / require sb to do | 义务（force：真正的压力） |
| have sb do | get sb to do | 安排别人去做（have：像是分派任务，美式英语常用；get：说服） |
| help sb do | help sb to do | 帮助——两种都对 |
The guard let us take photos. = The guard allowed us to take photos.
保安允许我们拍照。
The storm forced us to cancel our trip.
暴风雨迫使我们取消了旅行。
I'll have my assistant send you the details.
我会让我的助理把详细信息发给你。
I finally got my son to eat his vegetables.
我终于让儿子把蔬菜吃了。
花钱请别人为你提供服务（理发、修车）时，用 have / get + 物 + 过去分词：I had my hair cut。见“‘have something done’”一课。
4.被动语态：be made to——没有 “be let”
被动语态中，make 需要 to：be made to do。let 几乎从不用于被动语态——改用 be allowed to。
The players were made to run extra laps after losing.
球员们输球后被罚加跑几圈。
Students aren't allowed to use phones during the exam.
考试期间学生不准用手机。（不说：aren't let use）
记住这一对：主动 made me go——被动 was made to go。to 在主动句里消失，到被动句里又回来了。
5.常见错误
She made me to apologise.She made me apologise.
make + 宾语 + 动词原形，不带 to。
My parents let me to go to the concert.My parents let me go to the concert.
let + 宾语 + 动词原形，不带 to。
My boss letted us leave early.My boss let us leave early.
let – let – let；不加 -ed。
We were made wait outside.We were made to wait outside.
被动：be made to + 动词。
This film makes me crying.This film makes me cry.
make + 宾语后面用动词原形，不用 -ing。
Mum doesn't allow me go out at night.Mum doesn't allow me to go out at night.
allow 需要 to（和 let 不同）。
例句
- My mum never lets me stay out after 10 p.m.
- Please don't let the children play near the river.
- Our teacher makes us write a story every Monday. I hate it!
- My parents let me choose my own university.
