Would

Would + 动词原形，所有主语都一样。缩写形式 'd（I'd、she'd、they'd），否定式 wouldn't。疑问句中 would 放在主语前面。

💡'd 可能是 would 也可能是 had——看后面一个词：I'd go（动词原形 → would），I'd gone（V3 → had），I'd better（had better）。/d/ 要读清楚：不读的话，“I'd like”（= 我想要）听起来就像 “I like”（我喜欢），意思就不一样了。

1. 假想的情况——我们想象的、不真实（或还不真实）的事

• It would be great to live near the beach, but rent there is too high.

  住在海边一定很棒，可那里房租太贵了。

• I'd buy that jacket, but I don't have enough money.

  我挺想买那件夹克的，但钱不够。（但我并不会买）

• Should I text him first? — I wouldn't. Let him text you.

  我要先给他发消息吗？——我不会。让他先给你发。（建议：如果我是你）

• If I had more time, I would learn the piano.

  如果我有更多时间，我会学钢琴。

想象过去某件（没有发生的）事，用 would have + V3——详见“第三条件句”一课。

• You would have loved the concert last night.

  昨晚的音乐会你肯定会喜欢的。（可惜你没去）

2. 礼貌的愿望和请求——would like / would love / would prefer / would rather，以及 Would you…? 问句（另见“礼貌的愿望 ‘would like’”和“请求、提议和许可”两课）

• I'd like a glass of water, please.

  请给我一杯水。

• I'd love to come, but I'm working that day.

  我很想去，可那天我要上班。

• Would you open the window, please?

  请你把窗户打开好吗？

3. 过去的习惯——反复发生的动作（类似 used to），讲故事或回忆往事时很常用

• When we were kids, my grandpa would take us fishing every Sunday.

  我们小时候，爷爷每个星期天都会带我们去钓鱼。

• Every time it rained, the street would flood.

  以前每次下雨，这条街都会被淹。

4. 从过去看将来——would 是 will 的过去形式，常跟在 said、promised、thought、knew、hoped… 后面

• Minh said he'd call me after work.

  阿明说他下班后会给我打电话。

• I knew you would understand.

  我就知道你会理解的。

• We hoped it wouldn't rain, but it did.

  我们希望不会下雨，结果还是下了。

5. Wouldn't = 不肯（过去）——某人拒绝了，或某台机器不工作

• I asked him to slow down, but he wouldn't listen.

  我让他开慢点，可他就是不听。

• My motorbike wouldn't start this morning.

  今天早上我的摩托车怎么也发动不起来。

Will 用于真的会发生的事。Would 用于想象中的事——往往是因为有什么阻碍它发生。

• I'll lend you my car. I don't need it this week.

  我把车借给你，这周我用不着。（真实：我会借）

• I'd lend you my car, but my brother has it this week.

  我倒是想把车借给你，可这周车在我哥那儿。（想象：我借不了）

表示过去习惯的 would 需要明确的过去背景（When I was little…、Every summer…），常常出现在一个用 used to 或一般过去时的句子之后。单独说 “I would swim in the river”，听起来像是假想的情况（I would swim if…）。

• ✗If I won the lottery, I will buy a house.

  ✓If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.

  假想的情况（if + 过去式）→ would。

• ✗If I would know the answer, I would tell you.

  ✓If I knew the answer, I would tell you.

  if 从句用过去式；would 放在结果句里。

• ✗She said she will help me, but she never came.

  ✓She said she would help me, but she never came.

  过去做出的承诺（said）→ would。

• ✗When I was young, I would have long hair.

  ✓When I was young, I used to have long hair.

  would 不用于状态 → 用 used to。

• ✗I would like go home now.

  ✓I would like to go home now.

  would like + to 不定式（但 would rather + 动词原形，不加 to）。

• ✗Would you like some tea? — Yes, I'd.

  ✓Yes, I would.

  肯定的简略回答不用缩写。