शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Everyday English: Spending Money - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
96 वाक्य
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1
Hi I'm Sarah and I'm Jack.
2
Welcome to Everyday English.
3
Today we're going to be talking about a pretty important topic, spending money.
4
If you're going to be spending money here in Australia you're going to be using these, dollars.
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The Aussie dollar or Australian dollar is the official Australian currency, although here we just call them dollars.
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The smaller unit of currency is cents.
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One dollar is made up of 100 cents.
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One way to spend money is using cash, which in Australia comes in notes and coins.
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Let's have a look at the different denominations that Australia's currency comes in.
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Let's start with the coins.
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We've got $2, $1, $0 .50,
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$0 .20, $0 .10, and $0 .05.
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And then there are the notes.
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We've got $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100.
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Although, I don't see too many of these.
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Do you, Jack?
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No, I'm afraid not.
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Now, you can get cash out or withdraw cash from the bank or from an ATM, which stands for Automatic Teller Machine.
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But, of course, it's pretty common for people to pay without cash using a credit card
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or a debit card or even your phone.
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We sometimes call that a cashless transaction or just paying by card.
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Let's have a look at a scenario involving spending money.
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Hi Charlotte, how are you?
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Yeah, good thanks Sarah.
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What can I get for you today?
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How much are your sandwiches?
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Sandwiches are $5 .50.
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And what about the pies?
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$4 .60.
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Alright, I'll grab a pie and a can of lemonade.
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Yeah, no problem.
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That's just $9 .80.
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Do you have anything smaller?
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I don't have much change.
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Oh, sorry, sir, I don't have any loose change.
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I just went to the ATM and all I have is 50s.
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Do you take carp?
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Yeah, no problem.
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Credit or saving?
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Uh, credit.
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All good.
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Thanks so much.
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Have a good day.
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You too.
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You might have noticed there that when people talked about prices, they often drop the words dollars and cents.
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For example, instead of saying $5 .50, we could say 5 .50 or $5 .50.
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You have to listen carefully to the pronunciation of numbers because sometimes they can sound quite similar.
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For example, 50 and 15.
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It can be hard to hear the difference between the T and the teen.
50
There's also 13 and 30, 14 and 40, 16 and 60,
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17 and 70, 18 and 80, and 19 and 90.
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So we've talked about buying smaller things with cash and cards, but how about spending money on bigger things like cars and houses?
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For bigger purchases like homes or cars, you might have to take out a loan from a bank.
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Loan is a noun and it means something that's given out temporarily, in this case money, with the expectation that it will be given back later.
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The verb is lend, and the past tense of lend is lent.
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If you take out a loan, you become a borrower.
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You borrow the bank's money.
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And you have to repay it, or make repayments.
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A loan that's for a house is called a home loan, or a mortgage.
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If you take out a loan, you will have to pay interest.
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That means the amount of money you owe will increase by a certain percentage.
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A percentage is a unit of measurement that means a part of 100.
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So, for example, 50 % means half.
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On a home loan, you might have to pay 5 % interest, which means the amount you owe will increase by 5 % every year.
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Banks will also charge interest on credit cards, which let you spend money that you don't actually have as long as you pay it back later.
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Let's have a look at some more words that are associated with spending.
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There's buy, as in, I buy lots of clothes.
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The past tense is bought.
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I bought a nice dress.
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Purchase, which is another word for buy.
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I need to make a big purchase.
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I purchased a house.
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You can also sell, which means to exchange something for money.
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For example, I need to sell my house.
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The past tense is sold.
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I sold my house.
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There's transaction, which means buying or selling something.
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For example, I like to keep a record of my transactions.
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There's price, which is the amount of money you have to pay for something.
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And cost, which means the amount paid to produce something.
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Although these two words are often used to mean the same thing.
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For example, what's the price of this item?
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What does this item cost?
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There's expensive, which means has a high price or cost and cheap or inexpensive, which means it has a low cost.
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And sometimes you can find something on sale, which means the price has been lowered temporarily.
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Well, that's just about it from us for now.
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But before we go, here are some questions for you to think about.
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What do you usually spend money on?
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How do you pay for it?
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Have you taken out a loan before?
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How long did it take you to pay it back?
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And how much interest did you pay?
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Well, we're off.
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We'll see you next time.
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Bye.
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We'll be right back.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह B1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Everyday English: Spending Money” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: loan, dollar, example, spending, cash। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 95 वाक्य और 831 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 6:00 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 138 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 86% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा। इसके 95 वाक्यों में से 16 प्रश्न हैं, इसलिए यह प्रश्नों के लहजे और छोटे जवाबों के अभ्यास के लिए अच्छा है।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 11 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| lend क्रिया | /ˈlɛnd/ | उधार देना |
| tense संज्ञा | /tɛns/ | काल |
| coin संज्ञा | /ˈkoɪ̯n/ | सिक्का, मुद्रा |
| pronunciation संज्ञा | /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ | उच्चारण, तलफ़्फ़ुज़ |
| noun संज्ञा | /naʊn/ | संज्ञा, नाम |
| verb संज्ञा | /vɝb/ | क्रिया, क्रियापद |
| expectation संज्ञा | /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ | आशा, अपेक्षा |
| borrow क्रिया | /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ | उधार लेना |
| cloth संज्ञा | /klɒθ/ | कपड़ा, पारचा |
| measurement संज्ञा | /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/ | माप, नाप |
| scenario संज्ञा | /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/ | परिदृश्य |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- What can I get for you today?
- How much are your sandwiches?
- Do you have anything smaller?
- What do you usually spend money on?
- How do you pay for it?
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | is made · will be given · is lent |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | interest, which means · Purchase, which is · sell, which means |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | we've talked · has been lowered · Have you taken |
| “might / may” से संभावना might/may + क्रिया — जो हो सकता है पर पक्का नहीं | might have |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 17 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे don't, I'm, we've। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: cloth /klɒθ/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, denomination /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: temporarily /ˌtɛmpəˈɹɛɹəli/, denomination /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: sandwich /ˈsæn(d).wɪd͡ʒ/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, verb /vɝb/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/
- /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, sandwich /ˈsæn(d).wɪd͡ʒ/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर lend, tense, coin जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।