シャドーイング練習: Everyday English: Spending Money - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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1
Hi I'm Sarah and I'm Jack.
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Welcome to Everyday English.
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Today we're going to be talking about a pretty important topic, spending money.
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If you're going to be spending money here in Australia you're going to be using these, dollars.
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The Aussie dollar or Australian dollar is the official Australian currency, although here we just call them dollars.
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The smaller unit of currency is cents.
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One dollar is made up of 100 cents.
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One way to spend money is using cash, which in Australia comes in notes and coins.
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Let's have a look at the different denominations that Australia's currency comes in.
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Let's start with the coins.
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We've got $2, $1, $0 .50,
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$0 .20, $0 .10, and $0 .05.
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And then there are the notes.
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We've got $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100.
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Although, I don't see too many of these.
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Do you, Jack?
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No, I'm afraid not.
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Now, you can get cash out or withdraw cash from the bank or from an ATM, which stands for Automatic Teller Machine.
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But, of course, it's pretty common for people to pay without cash using a credit card
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or a debit card or even your phone.
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We sometimes call that a cashless transaction or just paying by card.
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Let's have a look at a scenario involving spending money.
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Hi Charlotte, how are you?
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Yeah, good thanks Sarah.
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What can I get for you today?
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How much are your sandwiches?
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Sandwiches are $5 .50.
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And what about the pies?
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$4 .60.
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Alright, I'll grab a pie and a can of lemonade.
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Yeah, no problem.
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That's just $9 .80.
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Do you have anything smaller?
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I don't have much change.
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Oh, sorry, sir, I don't have any loose change.
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I just went to the ATM and all I have is 50s.
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Do you take carp?
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Yeah, no problem.
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Credit or saving?
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Uh, credit.
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All good.
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Thanks so much.
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Have a good day.
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You too.
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You might have noticed there that when people talked about prices, they often drop the words dollars and cents.
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For example, instead of saying $5 .50, we could say 5 .50 or $5 .50.
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You have to listen carefully to the pronunciation of numbers because sometimes they can sound quite similar.
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For example, 50 and 15.
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It can be hard to hear the difference between the T and the teen.
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There's also 13 and 30, 14 and 40, 16 and 60,
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17 and 70, 18 and 80, and 19 and 90.
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So we've talked about buying smaller things with cash and cards, but how about spending money on bigger things like cars and houses?
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For bigger purchases like homes or cars, you might have to take out a loan from a bank.
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Loan is a noun and it means something that's given out temporarily, in this case money, with the expectation that it will be given back later.
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The verb is lend, and the past tense of lend is lent.
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If you take out a loan, you become a borrower.
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You borrow the bank's money.
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And you have to repay it, or make repayments.
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A loan that's for a house is called a home loan, or a mortgage.
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If you take out a loan, you will have to pay interest.
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That means the amount of money you owe will increase by a certain percentage.
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A percentage is a unit of measurement that means a part of 100.
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So, for example, 50 % means half.
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On a home loan, you might have to pay 5 % interest, which means the amount you owe will increase by 5 % every year.
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Banks will also charge interest on credit cards, which let you spend money that you don't actually have as long as you pay it back later.
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Let's have a look at some more words that are associated with spending.
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There's buy, as in, I buy lots of clothes.
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The past tense is bought.
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I bought a nice dress.
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Purchase, which is another word for buy.
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I need to make a big purchase.
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I purchased a house.
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You can also sell, which means to exchange something for money.
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For example, I need to sell my house.
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The past tense is sold.
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I sold my house.
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There's transaction, which means buying or selling something.
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For example, I like to keep a record of my transactions.
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There's price, which is the amount of money you have to pay for something.
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And cost, which means the amount paid to produce something.
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Although these two words are often used to mean the same thing.
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For example, what's the price of this item?
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What does this item cost?
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There's expensive, which means has a high price or cost and cheap or inexpensive, which means it has a low cost.
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And sometimes you can find something on sale, which means the price has been lowered temporarily.
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Well, that's just about it from us for now.
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But before we go, here are some questions for you to think about.
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What do you usually spend money on?
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How do you pay for it?
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Have you taken out a loan before?
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How long did it take you to pay it back?
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And how much interest did you pay?
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Well, we're off.
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We'll see you next time.
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Bye.
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We'll be right back.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Everyday English: Spending Money」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：loan, dollar, example, spending, cash。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が95文、単語が831語あります。 音声の長さは6:00です。 話す速さは1分あたり約138語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。 全95文のうち16文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| lend 動詞 | /ˈlɛnd/ | 貸す |
| tense 名詞 | /tɛns/ | 時制 |
| transaction 名詞 | /tɹænˈzækʃən/ | 処理 |
| temporarily 副詞 | /ˌtɛmpəˈɹɛɹəli/ | 暫く, 一時的に |
| coin 名詞 | /ˈkoɪ̯n/ | 硬貨, 玉 |
| borrower 名詞 | /ˈbɑɹoʊɚ/ | 借り手 |
| cashless 形容詞 | キャッシュレス | |
| pronunciation 名詞 | /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ | 発音, 読み |
| inexpensive 形容詞 | /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/ | 安価な, 廉価な |
| noun 名詞 | /naʊn/ | 名詞 |
| debit 名詞 | /ˈdɛb.ɪt/ | 借方 |
| verb 名詞 | /vɝb/ | 動詞 |
| expectation 名詞 | /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ | 期待, 予想 |
| borrow 動詞 | /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ | 借りる |
| cloth 名詞 | /klɒθ/ | 布 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| take out 動詞 | 取り出す |
| give back 動詞 | 返す |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- What can I get for you today?
- How much are your sandwiches?
- Do you have anything smaller?
- What do you usually spend money on?
- How do you pay for it?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is made · will be given · is lent |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | interest, which means · Purchase, which is · sell, which means |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | we've talked · has been lowered · Have you taken |
| 「might / may」による可能性 might/may + 動詞 — 起こりうるが確実ではないこと | might have |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, I'm, we'veなど、短縮形や弱形を17回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: cloth /klɒθ/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, denomination /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: temporarily /ˌtɛmpəˈɹɛɹəli/, denomination /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: inexpensive /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/, verb /vɝb/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: lend /ˈlɛnd/, tense /tɛns/, transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, sandwich /ˈsæn(d).wɪd͡ʒ/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。lend, tense, transactionなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。