シャドーイング練習: RE3 Unit 1B - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

レッスンを作成中...
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Track 2 Reading 1B What makes an Olympic champion?
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How does a person become an Olympic champion, someone capable of winning the gold?
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In reality, a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological factors, as well as training and practice,
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all go into making a super athlete.
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Perhaps the most important factor involved in becoming an elite athlete is genetic.
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Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain physical characteristics that differentiate them from the average person.
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Take an elite athlete's muscles, for example.
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In most human skeletal muscles, the ones that make your body move, there are fast twitch fibers and slow twitch fibers.
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Fast-twitch fibers help us move quickly.
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Olympic weightlifters, for example, have a large number of fast-twitch fibers in their muscles, many more than the average person.
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These allow them to lift hundreds of kilos from the ground and over their heads in seconds.
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Surprisingly, a large muscular body is not the main requirement to do well in this sport.
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It is more important to have a large number of fast-twitch fibers in the muscles.
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The legs of an elite marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90% slow-twitch muscle fibers.
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These generate energy efficiently and enable an athlete to control fatigue and keep moving for a longer period of time.
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When we exercise long or hard, it's common to experience tiredness, muscle pain, and difficulty breathing.
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These feelings are caused when the muscles produce high amounts of a substance called lactate and can't remove it quickly enough.
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Athletes with many slow-twitch muscle fibers seem to be able to clear the lactate from their muscles faster as they move.
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Thus, the average runner might start to feel discomfort halfway into a race.
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A trained Olympic athlete, however, might not feel pain until much later in the competition.
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For some Olympic competitors, size is important.
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Most male champion swimmers are 180 centimeters or taller, allowing them to reach longer and swim faster.
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For both male and female gymnasts, though, a smaller size and body weight mean they can move with greater ease
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and are less likely to suffer damage when landing on the floor from a height of up to 4.5 meters
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some athletes abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment those raised at high altitudes in countries such as Kenya Ethiopia
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and Morocco have blood that is rich in hemoglobin large amounts of hemoglobin carry oxygen around the body faster,
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enabling these athletes to run better.
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Cultural factors also help some athletes do well at certain sports.
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Tegla Leroup, a young woman from northern Kenya, has won several marathons.
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She says some of her success is due to her country's altitude.
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She trains at about 2,400 meters and some to her cultural background.
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As a child, she had to run 10 kilometers to school every day.
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I'd be punished if I was late, she says.
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Although genes, environment, and even culture play a part in becoming an elite athlete, training and practice are needed to succeed.
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Marathon runners may be able to control fatigue and keep moving for long periods of time, but they must train to reach and maintain their goals.
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Weight lifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again until they become automatic.
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Greg Louganis, winner of four Olympic diving gold medals, says divers must train the same way to be successful.
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You have less than three seconds from takeoff until you hit the water, so it has to be reflex.
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You have to repeat the dives hundreds, maybe thousands of times.
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Training this way requires an athlete to be not only physically fit, but psychologically healthy as well.
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They have to be, says Sean McCann, a sports psychologist at the Olympic Training Center in the United States.
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Otherwise, they couldn't handle the training loads we put on them.
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Athletes have to be good at setting goals, generating energy when they need it and managing anxiety.
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How do athletes adjust to such intense pressure?
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Louganis explains how he learned to control his anxiety during a competition.
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Most divers think too much, he says.
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They're too much in their heads.
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What worked for me was humor.
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I remember thinking about what my mother would say if she saw me do a bad dive.
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She'd probably just compliment me on the beautiful splash.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：athlete, muscle, Olympic, fibers, twitch。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が50文、単語が723語あります。 音声の長さは5:30です。 話す速さは1分あたり約131語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は78%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語発音意味
athlete 名詞/ˈæθ.liːt/陸上競技の選手, 陸上選手
twitch 名詞/twɪt͡ʃ/引き攣り
dive 動詞/daɪv/潜る
marathon 名詞/ˈmæɹəθən/マラソン
runner 名詞/ˈɹʌnɚ/走者, ランナー
diver 名詞/ˈdaɪ̯və(ɹ)/潜水夫, 潜り
gymnast 名詞/ˈd͡ʒɪm.næst/体操選手
hemoglobin 名詞/ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ヘモグロビン, 血色素
competitor 名詞/kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/競争者
fatigue 名詞/fəˈtiːɡ/疲労, 疲れ
meter 名詞/ˈmitəɹ/メーター, 計量器
reflex 名詞/ˈɹiːflɛks/反射
takeoff 名詞離陸
tiredness 名詞疲れ, 疲労
weightlifter 名詞/ˈweɪtˌlɪftɚ/重量挙げ選手

注意したい発音

話し手はcan't, couldn't, I'dなど、短縮形や弱形を5回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

  • 「th」の音: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, marathon /ˈmæɹəθən/
  • 「sh」と「zh」の音: differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, splash /splæʃ/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/
  • 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, competitor /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/

この動画での練習方法

  1. まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
  2. 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
  3. 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。athlete, twitch, diveなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →