跟读练习: RE3 Unit 1B - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Track 2 Reading 1B What makes an Olympic champion?
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How does a person become an Olympic champion, someone capable of winning the gold?
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In reality, a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological factors, as well as training and practice,
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all go into making a super athlete.
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Perhaps the most important factor involved in becoming an elite athlete is genetic.
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Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain physical characteristics that differentiate them from the average person.
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Take an elite athlete's muscles, for example.
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In most human skeletal muscles, the ones that make your body move, there are fast twitch fibers and slow twitch fibers.
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Fast-twitch fibers help us move quickly.
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Olympic weightlifters, for example, have a large number of fast-twitch fibers in their muscles, many more than the average person.
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These allow them to lift hundreds of kilos from the ground and over their heads in seconds.
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Surprisingly, a large muscular body is not the main requirement to do well in this sport.
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It is more important to have a large number of fast-twitch fibers in the muscles.
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The legs of an elite marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90% slow-twitch muscle fibers.
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These generate energy efficiently and enable an athlete to control fatigue and keep moving for a longer period of time.
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When we exercise long or hard, it's common to experience tiredness, muscle pain, and difficulty breathing.
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These feelings are caused when the muscles produce high amounts of a substance called lactate and can't remove it quickly enough.
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Athletes with many slow-twitch muscle fibers seem to be able to clear the lactate from their muscles faster as they move.
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Thus, the average runner might start to feel discomfort halfway into a race.
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A trained Olympic athlete, however, might not feel pain until much later in the competition.
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For some Olympic competitors, size is important.
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Most male champion swimmers are 180 centimeters or taller, allowing them to reach longer and swim faster.
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For both male and female gymnasts, though, a smaller size and body weight mean they can move with greater ease
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and are less likely to suffer damage when landing on the floor from a height of up to 4.5 meters
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some athletes abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment those raised at high altitudes in countries such as Kenya Ethiopia
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and Morocco have blood that is rich in hemoglobin large amounts of hemoglobin carry oxygen around the body faster,
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enabling these athletes to run better.
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Cultural factors also help some athletes do well at certain sports.
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Tegla Leroup, a young woman from northern Kenya, has won several marathons.
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She says some of her success is due to her country's altitude.
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She trains at about 2,400 meters and some to her cultural background.
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As a child, she had to run 10 kilometers to school every day.
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I'd be punished if I was late, she says.
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Although genes, environment, and even culture play a part in becoming an elite athlete, training and practice are needed to succeed.
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Marathon runners may be able to control fatigue and keep moving for long periods of time, but they must train to reach and maintain their goals.
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Weight lifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again until they become automatic.
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Greg Louganis, winner of four Olympic diving gold medals, says divers must train the same way to be successful.
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You have less than three seconds from takeoff until you hit the water, so it has to be reflex.
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You have to repeat the dives hundreds, maybe thousands of times.
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Training this way requires an athlete to be not only physically fit, but psychologically healthy as well.
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They have to be, says Sean McCann, a sports psychologist at the Olympic Training Center in the United States.
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Otherwise, they couldn't handle the training loads we put on them.
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Athletes have to be good at setting goals, generating energy when they need it and managing anxiety.
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How do athletes adjust to such intense pressure?
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Louganis explains how he learned to control his anxiety during a competition.
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Most divers think too much, he says.
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They're too much in their heads.
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What worked for me was humor.
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I remember thinking about what my mother would say if she saw me do a bad dive.
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She'd probably just compliment me on the beautiful splash.
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本课的词汇与口语要点

视频中反复出现的词有：athlete, muscle, Olympic, fibers, twitch。 这段视频共有 50 个句子、723 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:30。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 131 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 78% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词发音释义
athlete 名词/ˈæθ.liːt/田徑運動員 /田径运动员
twitch 名词/twɪt͡ʃ/抽搐
dive 动词/daɪv/潛水 /潜水
marathon 名词/ˈmæɹəθən/馬拉松 /马拉松
runner 名词/ˈɹʌnɚ/跑步者, 跑者
diver 名词/ˈdaɪ̯və(ɹ)/潛水員 /潜水员
gymnast 名词/ˈd͡ʒɪm.næst/體操運動員 /体操运动员
hemoglobin 名词/ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/血紅蛋白 /血红蛋白
competitor 名词/kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/競爭者 /竞争者, 比賽者 /比赛者
fatigue 名词/fəˈtiːɡ/疲勞 /疲劳, 倦怠
meter 名词/ˈmitəɹ/計量表 /计量表
reflex 名词/ˈɹiːflɛks/反射
takeoff 名词起飛 /起飞
tiredness 名词疲勞 /疲劳
weightlifter 名词/ˈweɪtˌlɪftɚ/舉重運動員 /举重运动员

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 can't, couldn't, I'd。请按听到的简短形式来说。

  • “th” 音: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, marathon /ˈmæɹəθən/
  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, splash /splæʃ/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/
  • 长单词——注意重音位置: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, competitor /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/

如何用这段视频练习

  1. 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
  2. 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
  3. 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 athlete, twitch, dive 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →