Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: RE3 Unit 1B
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Track 2 Reading 1B What makes an Olympic champion?
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How does a person become an Olympic champion, someone capable of winning the gold?
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In reality, a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological factors, as well as training and practice,
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all go into making a super athlete.
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Perhaps the most important factor involved in becoming an elite athlete is genetic.
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Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain physical characteristics that differentiate them from the average person.
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Take an elite athlete's muscles, for example.
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In most human skeletal muscles, the ones that make your body move, there are fast twitch fibers and slow twitch fibers.
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Fast-twitch fibers help us move quickly.
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Olympic weightlifters, for example, have a large number of fast-twitch fibers in their muscles, many more than the average person.
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These allow them to lift hundreds of kilos from the ground and over their heads in seconds.
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Surprisingly, a large muscular body is not the main requirement to do well in this sport.
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It is more important to have a large number of fast-twitch fibers in the muscles.
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The legs of an elite marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90% slow-twitch muscle fibers.
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These generate energy efficiently and enable an athlete to control fatigue and keep moving for a longer period of time.
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When we exercise long or hard, it's common to experience tiredness, muscle pain, and difficulty breathing.
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These feelings are caused when the muscles produce high amounts of a substance called lactate and can't remove it quickly enough.
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Athletes with many slow-twitch muscle fibers seem to be able to clear the lactate from their muscles faster as they move.
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Thus, the average runner might start to feel discomfort halfway into a race.
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A trained Olympic athlete, however, might not feel pain until much later in the competition.
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For some Olympic competitors, size is important.
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Most male champion swimmers are 180 centimeters or taller, allowing them to reach longer and swim faster.
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For both male and female gymnasts, though, a smaller size and body weight mean they can move with greater ease
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and are less likely to suffer damage when landing on the floor from a height of up to 4.5 meters
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some athletes abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment those raised at high altitudes in countries such as Kenya Ethiopia
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and Morocco have blood that is rich in hemoglobin large amounts of hemoglobin carry oxygen around the body faster,
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enabling these athletes to run better.
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Cultural factors also help some athletes do well at certain sports.
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Tegla Leroup, a young woman from northern Kenya, has won several marathons.
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She says some of her success is due to her country's altitude.
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She trains at about 2,400 meters and some to her cultural background.
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As a child, she had to run 10 kilometers to school every day.
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I'd be punished if I was late, she says.
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Although genes, environment, and even culture play a part in becoming an elite athlete, training and practice are needed to succeed.
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Marathon runners may be able to control fatigue and keep moving for long periods of time, but they must train to reach and maintain their goals.
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Weight lifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again until they become automatic.
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Greg Louganis, winner of four Olympic diving gold medals, says divers must train the same way to be successful.
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You have less than three seconds from takeoff until you hit the water, so it has to be reflex.
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You have to repeat the dives hundreds, maybe thousands of times.
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Training this way requires an athlete to be not only physically fit, but psychologically healthy as well.
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They have to be, says Sean McCann, a sports psychologist at the Olympic Training Center in the United States.
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Otherwise, they couldn't handle the training loads we put on them.
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Athletes have to be good at setting goals, generating energy when they need it and managing anxiety.
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How do athletes adjust to such intense pressure?
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Louganis explains how he learned to control his anxiety during a competition.
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Most divers think too much, he says.
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They're too much in their heads.
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What worked for me was humor.
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I remember thinking about what my mother would say if she saw me do a bad dive.
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She'd probably just compliment me on the beautiful splash.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: athlete, muscle, Olympic, fibers, twitch. Video này có 50 câu và 723 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 5:30. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 131 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. Chỉ 78% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| athlete danh từ | /ˈæθ.liːt/ | vận động viên |
| dive động từ | /daɪv/ | lặn |
| marathon danh từ | /ˈmæɹəθən/ | ma-ra-tông |
| runner danh từ | /ˈɹʌnɚ/ | người chạy |
| diver danh từ | /ˈdaɪ̯və(ɹ)/ | thợ lặn |
| hemoglobin danh từ | /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ | hemoglobin |
| competitor danh từ | /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/ | đối thủ |
| fatigue danh từ | /fəˈtiːɡ/ | mệt mỏi |
| meter danh từ | /ˈmitəɹ/ | cái đo, người đo |
| reflex danh từ | /ˈɹiːflɛks/ | phản xạ |
| tiredness danh từ | mệt mỏi | |
| psychologist danh từ | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | bắc sĩ tâm lý, nhà tâm lý học |
| humour danh từ | /ˈhjuːmɚ/ | sự hài hước |
| splash động từ | /splæʃ/ | tung toé |
| compliment danh từ | /ˈkɑmpləmənt/ | lời khen |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 5 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ can't, couldn't, I'd. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, marathon /ˈmæɹəθən/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, splash /splæʃ/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, competitor /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như athlete, dive, marathon.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.