レッスン103 · ステージ9: 考えをつなぐ
「so … that」/「such … that」
中級“So … that” / “such … that”
形と使い方
so + 形容詞 + that、such a + 名詞 + that — 原因とその結果
1.形
So … that と such … that は「とても〜なので…」という意味です。前半でとても強い程度を示し、that 節が結果を表します。違いは、so は形容詞・副詞と、such は名詞といっしょに使う点です。
| 文型 | 例 |
|---|---|
| so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that | The soup was so spicy that I couldn't finish it. |
| such a / an +(形容詞)+ 単数名詞 + that | It was such a long day that I fell asleep at eight. |
| such +(形容詞)+ 複数名詞 / 不可算名詞 + that | They're such kind people that everyone loves them. |
| so many / few + 複数名詞 + that | There were so many people that we couldn't get in. |
| so much / little + 不可算名詞 + that | I had so much work that I skipped lunch. |
話し言葉では that がよく省略されます:I was so tired I fell asleep on the bus.
2.So か such か?
空所のすぐ後ろを見ましょう。形容詞・副詞だけなら so。名詞があれば(前に形容詞がついていても)such です。数えられる名詞の単数なら、such の後ろに a / an を残します。
The test was so easy that everyone passed.
テストがとても簡単だったので、全員合格しました。
It was such an easy test that everyone passed.
とても簡単なテストだったので、全員合格しました。(名詞 test が続く → such an)
The kids were so noisy that the neighbours complained.
子どもたちがとてもうるさかったので、近所の人が苦情を言いました。
They were such noisy kids that the neighbours complained.
とてもうるさい子どもたちだったので、近所の人が苦情を言いました。(複数 → a なし)
She speaks such good English that people think she grew up in London.
彼女は英語がとても上手なので、ロンドン育ちだと思われます。(English は不可算 → a なし)
一般動詞の後ろでは so + 副詞 を使います:He drove so carefully that…(so careful ではない)。
so と such の選択は、後ろに何が来るかだけで決まります。「空所の後ろに名詞はあるか?」と自分に聞いてみましょう。ある → such (a)、ない → so。so + 形容詞 + a + 名詞(so good a film)という形もありますが、非常に改まった言い方で、めったに使われません。
3.So much, so many, so few, so little
量を表す語の前では、such ではなく so を使います:so many / so few + 複数名詞、so much / so little + 不可算名詞。Such a lot of はどちらの名詞にも使えます。
There were so many motorbikes that the traffic didn't move for an hour.
バイクがあまりにも多くて、1時間も車の流れが止まっていました。
I've got so much homework that I can't go out tonight.
宿題がとても多いので、今夜は出かけられません。
So few students signed up that the class was cancelled.
申し込んだ学生があまりにも少なかったので、その授業は中止になりました。
We had so little time that we skipped breakfast.
時間がほとんどなかったので、朝ごはんを抜きました。
There was such a lot of noise that I couldn't hear the teacher.
あまりにもうるさくて、先生の声が聞こえませんでした。
4.So、very、too のどれ?
Very は程度を表すだけで、that 節を続けることはできません。So … that は結果を表します。Too … to は「〜すぎて…できない(可能・許容の範囲を超えている)」という意味です — レッスン「『too … to』/『enough to』」を見てください。that がなければ、so / such は単に気持ちを込める働きをし、very より強く響きます。
| 意味 | 例 | |
|---|---|---|
| very | 程度が高い(それだけ) | It was very cold. |
| so … that | とても〜なので(結果が続く) | It was so cold that the lake froze. |
| too … to | 可能・許容の範囲を超えている | It was too cold to swim. |
| so / such(that なし) | 強調、感情 | It's so hot today! She's such a nice person. |
The coffee was so strong that I couldn't sleep.
コーヒーがとても濃かったので、眠れませんでした。
The coffee was too strong for me to drink.
コーヒーが濃すぎて、私には飲めませんでした。
Thanks for the flowers — you're so kind!
お花をありがとう — 本当に優しいね!
very … that や too … that とは言いません:I was so hungry that I ate two bowls(very hungry that / too hungry that ではない)。
5.よくある間違い
It was so a good film that I watched it twice.It was such a good film that I watched it twice.
名詞がある → such a。
The room was such cold that we wore our coats.The room was so cold that we wore our coats.
形容詞だけ → so。
It was such nice day that we had a picnic.It was such a nice day that we had a picnic.
単数名詞には a が必要です。
The music was very loud that we couldn't talk.The music was so loud that we couldn't talk.
very の後ろに that 節は続けられません。
There were so much people that we left.There were so many people that we left.
people は複数 → many。
She spoke so quiet that nobody heard her.She spoke so quietly that nobody heard her.
動詞を説明している → 副詞。
例文
- The film was so boring that I fell asleep.
- He drove so fast that the police stopped him.
- Mr Khoa speaks so fast that I only understand half of his lessons.
- I was so nervous that my hands were shaking.
