레슨 103 · 9단계: 생각 연결하기
“so … that” / “such … that”
중급“So … that” / “such … that”
형태와 쓰임
so + 형용사 + that, such a + 명사 + that — 원인과 결과
1.형태
So … that과 such … that은 “너무 ~해서 …하다”라는 뜻입니다. 앞부분은 아주 높은 정도를 나타내고, that절은 결과를 말합니다. 차이점은 so는 형용사 / 부사와, such는 명사와 함께 쓴다는 것입니다.
| 형태 | 예문 |
|---|---|
| so + 형용사 / 부사 + that | The soup was so spicy that I couldn't finish it. |
| such a / an + (형용사) + 단수 명사 + that | It was such a long day that I fell asleep at eight. |
| such + (형용사) + 복수 명사 / 셀 수 없는 명사 + that | They're such kind people that everyone loves them. |
| so many / few + 복수 명사 + that | There were so many people that we couldn't get in. |
| so much / little + 셀 수 없는 명사 + that | I had so much work that I skipped lunch. |
말할 때는 that을 자주 생략합니다: I was so tired I fell asleep on the bus.
2.So일까 such일까?
빈칸 바로 뒤에 무엇이 오는지 보세요. 형용사 / 부사만 있으면 so. 명사가 있으면(앞에 형용사가 붙어 있어도) such입니다. 셀 수 있는 단수 명사라면 such 뒤에 a / an을 꼭 남겨 두세요.
The test was so easy that everyone passed.
시험이 너무 쉬워서 모두 합격했어요.
It was such an easy test that everyone passed.
너무 쉬운 시험이라서 모두 합격했어요. (명사 test가 옴 → such an)
The kids were so noisy that the neighbours complained.
아이들이 너무 시끄러워서 이웃들이 항의했어요.
They were such noisy kids that the neighbours complained.
너무 시끄러운 아이들이라서 이웃들이 항의했어요. (복수 → a 없음)
She speaks such good English that people think she grew up in London.
그녀는 영어를 너무 잘해서 사람들이 런던에서 자란 줄 알아요. (English는 셀 수 없음 → a 없음)
일반동사 뒤에는 so + 부사를 씁니다: He drove so carefully that… (so careful이 아님).
so와 such 중 무엇을 쓸지는 뒤에 오는 말로만 결정됩니다. “빈칸 뒤에 명사가 있나?” 하고 스스로 물어보세요. 있으면 → such (a), 없으면 → so. so + 형용사 + a + 명사(so good a film)라는 형태도 있지만, 아주 격식 있고 드문 표현입니다.
3.So much, so many, so few, so little
양을 나타내는 말 앞에서는 such가 아니라 so를 씁니다: so many / so few + 복수 명사, so much / so little + 셀 수 없는 명사. Such a lot of는 두 종류의 명사 모두와 쓸 수 있습니다.
There were so many motorbikes that the traffic didn't move for an hour.
오토바이가 너무 많아서 차가 한 시간 동안 꼼짝도 안 했어요.
I've got so much homework that I can't go out tonight.
숙제가 너무 많아서 오늘 밤에는 못 나가요.
So few students signed up that the class was cancelled.
신청한 학생이 너무 적어서 수업이 취소됐어요.
We had so little time that we skipped breakfast.
시간이 너무 없어서 아침을 걸렀어요.
There was such a lot of noise that I couldn't hear the teacher.
너무 시끄러워서 선생님 말씀이 안 들렸어요.
4.So, very, too 중 무엇?
Very는 정도만 나타내고 that절을 이끌 수 없습니다. So … that은 결과를 나타냅니다. Too … to는 “가능하거나 받아들일 수 있는 정도를 넘어서다”라는 뜻입니다 — 「“too … to” / “enough to”」 레슨을 참고하세요. that 없이 쓰면 so / such는 그냥 감정을 더해 주며, very보다 강합니다.
| 의미 | 예문 | |
|---|---|---|
| very | 정도가 높음, 그 이상은 아님 | It was very cold. |
| so … that | 너무 ~해서 (결과가 뒤따름) | It was so cold that the lake froze. |
| too … to | 가능하거나 받아들일 수 있는 정도를 넘음 | It was too cold to swim. |
| so / such (that 없이) | 강조, 감정 | It's so hot today! She's such a nice person. |
The coffee was so strong that I couldn't sleep.
커피가 너무 진해서 잠을 못 잤어요.
The coffee was too strong for me to drink.
커피가 너무 진해서 저는 마실 수가 없었어요.
Thanks for the flowers — you're so kind!
꽃 고마워 — 정말 다정하다!
very … that이나 too … that은 쓰지 않습니다: I was so hungry that I ate two bowls (very hungry that / too hungry that이 아님).
5.자주 하는 실수
It was so a good film that I watched it twice.It was such a good film that I watched it twice.
명사가 있음 → such a.
The room was such cold that we wore our coats.The room was so cold that we wore our coats.
형용사만 있음 → so.
It was such nice day that we had a picnic.It was such a nice day that we had a picnic.
단수 명사에는 a가 필요합니다.
The music was very loud that we couldn't talk.The music was so loud that we couldn't talk.
very 뒤에는 that절이 올 수 없습니다.
There were so much people that we left.There were so many people that we left.
people은 복수 → many.
She spoke so quiet that nobody heard her.She spoke so quietly that nobody heard her.
동사를 꾸미므로 → 부사.
예문
- The film was so boring that I fell asleep.
- He drove so fast that the police stopped him.
- Mr Khoa speaks so fast that I only understand half of his lessons.
- I was so nervous that my hands were shaking.
