쉐도잉 연습: HISTORY OF IDEAS - Loneliness - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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What is difficult in the modern world?

When we think about what's difficult in the modern world, we're liable to think about meal times.

How seldom they now take place communally.

How rare it is for whole families to gather.

How much technology can intrude.

In paintings of communal meals from the olden days,

we can appreciate how all ages used to come together around one table and how welcoming the atmosphere seems to have been.

Even the family horse might have been invited to join in.

The modern condition appears so bleak by comparison.

Rather than a family around the hearth, the emblematic image is of a single person with a tray on their knees in front of the television.

It was the Swanson Corporation, originally a poultry producer in Omaha, Nebraska, that launched the frozen TV dinner in 1954,

the same year coloured television was introduced in the US.

It is a short distance in time, but a long way in spirit,

from Norman Rockwell's laughter-filled family Thanksgiving celebration to Swanson's industrially produced Turkey Meal for One.

The modern world is surely a lonelier place than the one that preceded it.

The question is why.

It isn't ultimately technology that has made us lonely.

It's an identifiable set of ideas.

We've rendered ourselves lonely first and foremost because of certain stories we've started to tell about what loneliness means.

Most eras before our own knew that solitude did not, per se, have to be a sign of wretchedness.

In the fourth century, the The greatest saint of early Christianity, Saint Anthony, was said to have spent more than 40 years by himself in Egypt's western desert,

not saying a word, eating only bread and salt, and communing with God.

So impressed were some with Anthony's life, they came to join him in the desert and became collectively known as the Desert Fathers.

Their philosophy of solitary piety would go on to have a decisive influence on the founding of monasteries.

At the height of monasticism in the Middle Ages, a million people across Europe

and North Africa chose to forego the bustle of family in order to dwell in some of the most rugged

and remote to reign in the world in silent contemplation of God.

However, in the wake of the reformation and the destruction of the monasteries, solitary piety began to lose its prestige and receded as a practical option.

Those who had previously lived alone at the tops of mountains were now encouraged to serve God by remaining in the community, finding a spouse and starting a family.

To this newly social religious impetus was added the influence of Romanticism, a movement of ideas that, with different ends in view,

similarly encouraged people to give up on commitments to their own company.

For the Romantics, happiness lay in identifying one exceptional soulmate,

to whom one could surrender one's independence and with whom one might fuse mind and body.

The Romantic movement turned solitude from a respectable choice to evidence of pathology.

When the Beatles released Eleanor Rigby in 1966, the song that more than any other defined what loneliness meant for the modern age,

it was at once clear why Eleanor was a pitiful figure.

The famous face that she kept in a jar by the door had been intended for an enchanting partner that,

like all single people, she must surely have longed to find.

Only with romantic love could there be a decent life.

So ran the philosophy of the song, of all the Beatles' works and, in fact, of pretty much every pop song ever written.

Failed to fall completely in love and, romanticism warned, one would soon enough be picking up rice in the church where a wedding had been or,

rivalling for strangeness, the very odd Father Mackenzie, around whom there seemed to be so little of the glamour that had once attended the Desert Fathers.

The modern world not only made it mandatory to have a partner,

it's also made it feel essential to have a vibrant gang of friends and to enjoy seeing them regularly at parties.

An empty diary has become an emblem of deformity.

But there is not the slightest admission that it might, all things considered, be a bit of a curious thing to stand in a crowded room full of status-panicked,

often socially anxious people, every one of them terrified of honesty or failure.

In 1921, Carl Jung, in his book Psychological Types, introduced the terms extroverted and introverted to divide humanity.

The former referred to a sort of person who could best realise their potential in the company of others.

The latter were those who needed to move away from crowds in order to regain their integrity.

Everyone possesses both mechanisms, wrote Jung, but it was evident where the spirit of the modern age has resided.

It has been the achievement of a few, often ignored artists of the modern period, to make a case for introversion,

to try to coat solitude in glamour.

In a painting by the German artist Caspar David Friedrich, we are invited to trust that the lonely figure in the landscape is privy to insights

that might be lost in the crowd down in the lowlands.

The man is needed to travel up to the mountains in order to put the bluster and envy of humans in perspective.

should dare to follow him in his trajectory.

Separated by many decades, Gwen John's young woman doesn't seem to belong to an official religion,

but if there was one dedicated to the appreciation of solitude, then she would be one of its saintly and legendary figures.

Her expression – kind, gentle,

melancholy – is an advertisement for all that the modern world has neglected in its promotion of active, cheery lives.

Isolation isn't a particular curse.

It's just where good people tend to end up.

We should dare to believe that we are in solitude not because we are mentally ill, but because we are noble of spirit.

We don't hate company, it's just

that we would prefer to stay home rather than accept the counterfeit tokens of community that are too often on offer.

The way to make people feel less alone isn't to pull them out of their musings in the forest

or in the diner, in the library or the desert and force them to go bowling.

It's to reassure them that being alone is no sign of failure.

To lessen modernity's crisis of loneliness, we need for solitude to be rehabilitated and for singlehood to regain its dignity.

There is nothing catastrophic about eating dinner, many dinners, on our own.

Those Swanson TV dinners might have been capable of improvement, but it is ultimately far better to be eating a basic

meal in peace than to be in a ballroom surrounded by false smiles and oppressive judgements.

When we do so, we aren't in fact on our own at all.

We are, as the modern world fails to remind us, dining with some of the finest, most elevated spirits who have ever lived.

We are, though ostensibly by ourselves, in the very best company.

One of the trickiest tasks we ever have to face is that of working out who we really are.

This book is designed to help us create a psychological portrait of ourselves, with the use of some unusual, oblique, entertaining and playful prompts.

Click the link on screen now to find out more.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 C1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “HISTORY OF IDEAS - Loneliness”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: modern, solitude, desert. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 79개와 단어 1247개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 8:00입니다. 화자는 분당 약 156단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 79%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
solitude 명사	/ˈsɑlɪˌtud/	고독
loneliness 명사	/ˈloʊnlinəs/	고독, 외로움
romanticism 명사	/ɹəʊˈmæntɪsɪzəm/	낭만주의, 랑만주의
monastery 명사	/ˈmɑnəˌstɛɹi/	수도원, 승원
deformity 명사	/dɪˈfɔɹməti/	기형
hearth 명사	/ˈhɑɹθ/	부뚜막, 난로
lowland 명사		저지
melancholy 명사	/ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/	우울, 침울
monasticism 명사		수도주의
reassure 동사	/ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/	안심시키다
soulmate 명사		천생연분
poultry 명사	/ˈpɒltɹi/	가금
pathology 명사	/pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/	병리학
dwell 동사	/dwɛl/	살다, 거주하다
emblem 명사	/ˈɛmbləm/	상징, 엠블럼

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
pick up 동사	줍다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	have been invited · was introduced · was said
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	has made · We've rendered · has become
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	Those who had · person who could · those who needed

주의할 발음

화자는 isn't, we've, aren't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 9번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: hearth /ˈhɑɹθ/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: contemplation /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/, introversion /ɪntɹəˈvəɹʒən/, reassure /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/, reformation /ˌɹɛf.əɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: romanticism /ɹəʊˈmæntɪsɪzəm/, monastery /ˈmɑnəˌstɛɹi/, solitary /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛɹi/, contemplation /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/, deformity /dɪˈfɔɹməti/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: counterfeit /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/, deformity /dɪˈfɔɹməti/, pitiful /ˈpɪt.ɪ.fl̩/, terrify /ˈtɛɹɪfaɪ/, reformation /ˌɹɛf.əɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/, extroverted /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹtɪd/, introversion /ɪntɹəˈvəɹʒən/, introverted /ˈɪn.tɹəˌvɜːɹ.təd/, oppressive /əˈpɹɛs.ɪv/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: romanticism /ɹəʊˈmæntɪsɪzəm/, fuse /fjuːz/, reside /ɹɪˈzaɪd/, advertisement /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzmənt/, possess /pəˈzɛs/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, solitude, loneliness, romanticism 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: HISTORY OF IDEAS - Loneliness - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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