Prática de Shadowing: HISTORY OF IDEAS - Loneliness - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
79 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
What is difficult in the modern world?
2
When we think about what's difficult in the modern world, we're liable to think about meal times.
3
How seldom they now take place communally.
4
How rare it is for whole families to gather.
5
How much technology can intrude.
6
In paintings of communal meals from the olden days,
7
we can appreciate how all ages used to come together around one table and how welcoming the atmosphere seems to have been.
8
Even the family horse might have been invited to join in.
9
The modern condition appears so bleak by comparison.
10
Rather than a family around the hearth, the emblematic image is of a single person with a tray on their knees in front of the television.
11
It was the Swanson Corporation, originally a poultry producer in Omaha, Nebraska, that launched the frozen TV dinner in 1954,
12
the same year coloured television was introduced in the US.
13
It is a short distance in time, but a long way in spirit,
14
from Norman Rockwell's laughter-filled family Thanksgiving celebration to Swanson's industrially produced Turkey Meal for One.
15
The modern world is surely a lonelier place than the one that preceded it.
16
The question is why.
17
It isn't ultimately technology that has made us lonely.
18
It's an identifiable set of ideas.
19
We've rendered ourselves lonely first and foremost because of certain stories we've started to tell about what loneliness means.
20
Most eras before our own knew that solitude did not, per se, have to be a sign of wretchedness.
21
In the fourth century, the The greatest saint of early Christianity, Saint Anthony, was said to have spent more than 40 years by himself in Egypt's western desert,
22
not saying a word, eating only bread and salt, and communing with God.
23
So impressed were some with Anthony's life, they came to join him in the desert and became collectively known as the Desert Fathers.
24
Their philosophy of solitary piety would go on to have a decisive influence on the founding of monasteries.
25
At the height of monasticism in the Middle Ages, a million people across Europe
26
and North Africa chose to forego the bustle of family in order to dwell in some of the most rugged
27
and remote to reign in the world in silent contemplation of God.
28
However, in the wake of the reformation and the destruction of the monasteries, solitary piety began to lose its prestige and receded as a practical option.
29
Those who had previously lived alone at the tops of mountains were now encouraged to serve God by remaining in the community, finding a spouse and starting a family.
30
To this newly social religious impetus was added the influence of Romanticism, a movement of ideas that, with different ends in view,
31
similarly encouraged people to give up on commitments to their own company.
32
For the Romantics, happiness lay in identifying one exceptional soulmate,
33
to whom one could surrender one's independence and with whom one might fuse mind and body.
34
The Romantic movement turned solitude from a respectable choice to evidence of pathology.
35
When the Beatles released Eleanor Rigby in 1966, the song that more than any other defined what loneliness meant for the modern age,
36
it was at once clear why Eleanor was a pitiful figure.
37
The famous face that she kept in a jar by the door had been intended for an enchanting partner that,
38
like all single people, she must surely have longed to find.
39
Only with romantic love could there be a decent life.
40
So ran the philosophy of the song, of all the Beatles' works and, in fact, of pretty much every pop song ever written.
41
Failed to fall completely in love and, romanticism warned, one would soon enough be picking up rice in the church where a wedding had been or,
42
rivalling for strangeness, the very odd Father Mackenzie, around whom there seemed to be so little of the glamour that had once attended the Desert Fathers.
43
The modern world not only made it mandatory to have a partner,
44
it's also made it feel essential to have a vibrant gang of friends and to enjoy seeing them regularly at parties.
45
An empty diary has become an emblem of deformity.
46
But there is not the slightest admission that it might, all things considered, be a bit of a curious thing to stand in a crowded room full of status-panicked,
47
often socially anxious people, every one of them terrified of honesty or failure.
48
In 1921, Carl Jung, in his book Psychological Types, introduced the terms extroverted and introverted to divide humanity.
49
The former referred to a sort of person who could best realise their potential in the company of others.
50
The latter were those who needed to move away from crowds in order to regain their integrity.
51
Everyone possesses both mechanisms, wrote Jung, but it was evident where the spirit of the modern age has resided.
52
It has been the achievement of a few, often ignored artists of the modern period, to make a case for introversion,
53
to try to coat solitude in glamour.
54
In a painting by the German artist Caspar David Friedrich, we are invited to trust that the lonely figure in the landscape is privy to insights
55
that might be lost in the crowd down in the lowlands.
56
The man is needed to travel up to the mountains in order to put the bluster and envy of humans in perspective.
57
should dare to follow him in his trajectory.
58
Separated by many decades, Gwen John's young woman doesn't seem to belong to an official religion,
59
but if there was one dedicated to the appreciation of solitude, then she would be one of its saintly and legendary figures.
60
Her expression – kind, gentle,
61
melancholy – is an advertisement for all that the modern world has neglected in its promotion of active, cheery lives.
62
Isolation isn't a particular curse.
63
It's just where good people tend to end up.
64
We should dare to believe that we are in solitude not because we are mentally ill, but because we are noble of spirit.
65
We don't hate company, it's just
66
that we would prefer to stay home rather than accept the counterfeit tokens of community that are too often on offer.
67
The way to make people feel less alone isn't to pull them out of their musings in the forest
68
or in the diner, in the library or the desert and force them to go bowling.
69
It's to reassure them that being alone is no sign of failure.
70
To lessen modernity's crisis of loneliness, we need for solitude to be rehabilitated and for singlehood to regain its dignity.
71
There is nothing catastrophic about eating dinner, many dinners, on our own.
72
Those Swanson TV dinners might have been capable of improvement, but it is ultimately far better to be eating a basic
73
meal in peace than to be in a ballroom surrounded by false smiles and oppressive judgements.
74
When we do so, we aren't in fact on our own at all.
75
We are, as the modern world fails to remind us, dining with some of the finest, most elevated spirits who have ever lived.
76
We are, though ostensibly by ourselves, in the very best company.
77
One of the trickiest tasks we ever have to face is that of working out who we really are.
78
This book is designed to help us create a psychological portrait of ourselves, with the use of some unusual, oblique, entertaining and playful prompts.
79
Click the link on screen now to find out more.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
C157
Why Unloved People Hate Themselves #shorts #selfcare
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C131
The Secret to a Calm Life
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C143
Why Socrates Hated Democracy
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
Why Parents Bully Their Children
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Daddy Issues
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
Your Two Options in Love After a Bad Childhood
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1620
The Point of Travel
British AccentTravel EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B28
LITERATURE - Charles Darwin
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
How to Get Over Someone
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
What True Love Really Is
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
How To Get Over Rejection
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C18
How to Parent Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
Are We Rejecting Them Because They’re Wrong—or Because We’re Unwell?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
Why We Should Refuse to Get Into Arguments
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C115
When Love Isn't Easy
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B27
How to Love without fear
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B2How to Find Out What's Really on Your Mind
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
Why We Worry All the Time and How to Cope
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1112
What is Emotional Intelligence?
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
POLITICAL THEORY - Karl Marx
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
C12
201 frases
The Freedom of Loneliness
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B11
37 frases
SEtalk: Why We Should Eat Together
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C136
34 frases
Book Club Debate: Is Technology Making Us Lonelier?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C110
74 frases
How to Stop Feeling Nostalgic for an Ex
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C120
112 frases
Why you can't quit social media (and the Romans knew it)
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
65 frases
The shock of doing nothing | Andrew Holecek
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
199 frases
Become Someone for Others - Bishop Barron's Sunday Sermon
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
175 frases
The Lost Art Of The Intellectual Life
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
238 frases
Cosmic Insignificance Theory: A Simple Idea That Will Change Your Life Forever
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
150 frases
Why We Can't Save Those We Love
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
4 frases
Loneliness and the Illusion of Connection | Thich Nhat Hanh, 2012.12.13
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível C1 usa o vídeo “HISTORY OF IDEAS - Loneliness”. As palavras que mais se repetem: modern, solitude, desert. Este vídeo tem 79 frases e 1247 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:00. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 156 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 79% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| solitude substantivo | /ˈsɑlɪˌtud/ | solidão, solitude |
| loneliness substantivo | /ˈloʊnlinəs/ | solidão |
| piety substantivo | /ˈpaɪ̯ɪti/ | piedade |
| romanticism substantivo | /ɹəʊˈmæntɪsɪzəm/ | romantismo, romanticismo |
| glamour substantivo | /ˈɡlæmɚ/ | glamour, elegância |
| monastery substantivo | /ˈmɑnəˌstɛɹi/ | mosteiro, monastério |
| solitary adjetivo | /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛɹi/ | solitário, só |
| regain verbo | /ɹiːˈɡeɪn/ | reconquistar |
| bustle substantivo | /ˈbʌsəl/ | freneticidade |
| commune substantivo | /ˈkɑmjuːn/ | freguesia, município |
| contemplation substantivo | /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/ | contemplação |
| counterfeit adjetivo | /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/ | falsificado, réplica |
| deformity substantivo | /dɪˈfɔɹməti/ | deformidade |
| elevate verbo | /ˈɛləveɪt/ | elevar |
| emblematic adjetivo | /ˌɛmbləˈmatɪk/ | emblemático |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| end up verbo | terminar, acabar | |
| find out verbo | descobrir | |
| pick up verbo | pegar | |
| work out verbo | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | calcular |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | have been invited · was introduced · was said |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has made · We've rendered · has become |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | Those who had · person who could · those who needed |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 9 contrações e formas reduzidas, como isn't, we've, aren't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: hearth /ˈhɑɹθ/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: contemplation /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/, introversion /ɪntɹəˈvəɹʒən/, reassure /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/, reformation /ˌɹɛf.əɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: romanticism /ɹəʊˈmæntɪsɪzəm/, monastery /ˈmɑnəˌstɛɹi/, solitary /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛɹi/, contemplation /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/, deformity /dɪˈfɔɹməti/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: solitude /ˈsɑlɪˌtud/, counterfeit /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/, elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/, emblematic /ˌɛmbləˈmatɪk/, enchant /ɪnˈt͡ʃænt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: bustle /ˈbʌsəl/, dwell /dwɛl/, communal /kəˈmjuː.nəl/, liable /ˈlaɪ̯əbəl/, exceptional /ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hearth /ˈhɑɹθ/, rehabilitate /ɹiː(h)əˈbɪlɪteɪt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como solitude, loneliness, piety.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.