Практика Shadowing: HISTORY OF IDEAS - Loneliness - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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1
What is difficult in the modern world?
2
When we think about what's difficult in the modern world, we're liable to think about meal times.
3
How seldom they now take place communally.
4
How rare it is for whole families to gather.
5
How much technology can intrude.
6
In paintings of communal meals from the olden days,
7
we can appreciate how all ages used to come together around one table and how welcoming the atmosphere seems to have been.
8
Even the family horse might have been invited to join in.
9
The modern condition appears so bleak by comparison.
10
Rather than a family around the hearth, the emblematic image is of a single person with a tray on their knees in front of the television.
11
It was the Swanson Corporation, originally a poultry producer in Omaha, Nebraska, that launched the frozen TV dinner in 1954,
12
the same year coloured television was introduced in the US.
13
It is a short distance in time, but a long way in spirit,
14
from Norman Rockwell's laughter-filled family Thanksgiving celebration to Swanson's industrially produced Turkey Meal for One.
15
The modern world is surely a lonelier place than the one that preceded it.
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The question is why.
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It isn't ultimately technology that has made us lonely.
18
It's an identifiable set of ideas.
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We've rendered ourselves lonely first and foremost because of certain stories we've started to tell about what loneliness means.
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Most eras before our own knew that solitude did not, per se, have to be a sign of wretchedness.
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In the fourth century, the The greatest saint of early Christianity, Saint Anthony, was said to have spent more than 40 years by himself in Egypt's western desert,
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not saying a word, eating only bread and salt, and communing with God.
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So impressed were some with Anthony's life, they came to join him in the desert and became collectively known as the Desert Fathers.
24
Their philosophy of solitary piety would go on to have a decisive influence on the founding of monasteries.
25
At the height of monasticism in the Middle Ages, a million people across Europe
26
and North Africa chose to forego the bustle of family in order to dwell in some of the most rugged
27
and remote to reign in the world in silent contemplation of God.
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However, in the wake of the reformation and the destruction of the monasteries, solitary piety began to lose its prestige and receded as a practical option.
29
Those who had previously lived alone at the tops of mountains were now encouraged to serve God by remaining in the community, finding a spouse and starting a family.
30
To this newly social religious impetus was added the influence of Romanticism, a movement of ideas that, with different ends in view,
31
similarly encouraged people to give up on commitments to their own company.
32
For the Romantics, happiness lay in identifying one exceptional soulmate,
33
to whom one could surrender one's independence and with whom one might fuse mind and body.
34
The Romantic movement turned solitude from a respectable choice to evidence of pathology.
35
When the Beatles released Eleanor Rigby in 1966, the song that more than any other defined what loneliness meant for the modern age,
36
it was at once clear why Eleanor was a pitiful figure.
37
The famous face that she kept in a jar by the door had been intended for an enchanting partner that,
38
like all single people, she must surely have longed to find.
39
Only with romantic love could there be a decent life.
40
So ran the philosophy of the song, of all the Beatles' works and, in fact, of pretty much every pop song ever written.
41
Failed to fall completely in love and, romanticism warned, one would soon enough be picking up rice in the church where a wedding had been or,
42
rivalling for strangeness, the very odd Father Mackenzie, around whom there seemed to be so little of the glamour that had once attended the Desert Fathers.
43
The modern world not only made it mandatory to have a partner,
44
it's also made it feel essential to have a vibrant gang of friends and to enjoy seeing them regularly at parties.
45
An empty diary has become an emblem of deformity.
46
But there is not the slightest admission that it might, all things considered, be a bit of a curious thing to stand in a crowded room full of status-panicked,
47
often socially anxious people, every one of them terrified of honesty or failure.
48
In 1921, Carl Jung, in his book Psychological Types, introduced the terms extroverted and introverted to divide humanity.
49
The former referred to a sort of person who could best realise their potential in the company of others.
50
The latter were those who needed to move away from crowds in order to regain their integrity.
51
Everyone possesses both mechanisms, wrote Jung, but it was evident where the spirit of the modern age has resided.
52
It has been the achievement of a few, often ignored artists of the modern period, to make a case for introversion,
53
to try to coat solitude in glamour.
54
In a painting by the German artist Caspar David Friedrich, we are invited to trust that the lonely figure in the landscape is privy to insights
55
that might be lost in the crowd down in the lowlands.
56
The man is needed to travel up to the mountains in order to put the bluster and envy of humans in perspective.
57
should dare to follow him in his trajectory.
58
Separated by many decades, Gwen John's young woman doesn't seem to belong to an official religion,
59
but if there was one dedicated to the appreciation of solitude, then she would be one of its saintly and legendary figures.
60
Her expression – kind, gentle,
61
melancholy – is an advertisement for all that the modern world has neglected in its promotion of active, cheery lives.
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Isolation isn't a particular curse.
63
It's just where good people tend to end up.
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We should dare to believe that we are in solitude not because we are mentally ill, but because we are noble of spirit.
65
We don't hate company, it's just
66
that we would prefer to stay home rather than accept the counterfeit tokens of community that are too often on offer.
67
The way to make people feel less alone isn't to pull them out of their musings in the forest
68
or in the diner, in the library or the desert and force them to go bowling.
69
It's to reassure them that being alone is no sign of failure.
70
To lessen modernity's crisis of loneliness, we need for solitude to be rehabilitated and for singlehood to regain its dignity.
71
There is nothing catastrophic about eating dinner, many dinners, on our own.
72
Those Swanson TV dinners might have been capable of improvement, but it is ultimately far better to be eating a basic
73
meal in peace than to be in a ballroom surrounded by false smiles and oppressive judgements.
74
When we do so, we aren't in fact on our own at all.
75
We are, as the modern world fails to remind us, dining with some of the finest, most elevated spirits who have ever lived.
76
We are, though ostensibly by ourselves, in the very best company.
77
One of the trickiest tasks we ever have to face is that of working out who we really are.
78
This book is designed to help us create a psychological portrait of ourselves, with the use of some unusual, oblique, entertaining and playful prompts.
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Click the link on screen now to find out more.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «HISTORY OF IDEAS - Loneliness». Чаще всего повторяются слова: modern, solitude, desert. В этом видео 79 предложений и 1247 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 8:00. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 156 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 79% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| solitude существительное | /ˈsɑlɪˌtud/ | одиночество, уединение |
| loneliness существительное | /ˈloʊnlinəs/ | одино́чество |
| piety существительное | /ˈpaɪ̯ɪti/ | на́божность, благоче́стие |
| romanticism существительное | /ɹəʊˈmæntɪsɪzəm/ | рома́нтика, романти́зм |
| glamour существительное | /ˈɡlæmɚ/ | гламу́р |
| monastery существительное | /ˈmɑnəˌstɛɹi/ | монасты́рь |
| solitary прилагательное | /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛɹi/ | одино́кий |
| bustle существительное | /ˈbʌsəl/ | переполо́х, суета́ |
| commune существительное | /ˈkɑmjuːn/ | общи́на |
| contemplation существительное | /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/ | размышле́ние, разду́мье |
| counterfeit прилагательное | /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/ | подде́льный, фальши́вый |
| deformity существительное | /dɪˈfɔɹməti/ | деформация |
| elevate глагол | /ˈɛləveɪt/ | поднима́ть, подня́ть |
| emblematic прилагательное | /ˌɛmbləˈmatɪk/ | эмблемати́ческий, эмблемати́чный |
| enchant глагол | /ɪnˈt͡ʃænt/ | привлека́ть, озаря́ть |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| end up глагол | зака́нчиваться, зако́нчиться | |
| find out глагол | узнава́ть, узна́ть | |
| pick up глагол | подбира́ть, подобра́ть | |
| work out глагол | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | рассчи́тывать, рассчита́ть |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | have been invited · was introduced · was said |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has made · We've rendered · has become |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | Those who had · person who could · those who needed |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 9 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например isn't, we've, aren't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: hearth /ˈhɑɹθ/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: contemplation /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/, introversion /ɪntɹəˈvəɹʒən/, reassure /ˌɹi.əˈʃʊɹ/, reformation /ˌɹɛf.əɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: romanticism /ɹəʊˈmæntɪsɪzəm/, monastery /ˈmɑnəˌstɛɹi/, solitary /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛɹi/, contemplation /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/, deformity /dɪˈfɔɹməti/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: dwell /dwɛl/, warn /woɹn/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hearth /ˈhɑɹθ/, rehabilitate /ɹiː(h)əˈbɪlɪteɪt/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: solitude /ˈsɑlɪˌtud/, extroverted /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹtɪd/, introverted /ˈɪn.tɹəˌvɜːɹ.təd/, intrude /ɪnˈtɹuːd/, oppressive /əˈpɹɛs.ɪv/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как solitude, loneliness, piety.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.