Shadowing Practice: phienma - Learn English Speaking with Video
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15 sentences
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Transcription begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to a segment of DNA called a gene.
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A gene contains the code to build a specific protein, which is a macromolecule made up of a sequence of amino acids.
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RNA polymerase causes a particular area of the DNA helix to unwind and separate into two strands.
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One of the strands, often called the template strand, is the side of DNA that is read or transcribed by the messenger RNA.
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The other strand of DNA, often called the non -template strand, isn't transcribed by the messenger RNA.
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So, how are DNA instructions transcribed into messenger RNA?
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Well, using the template strand as a guide,
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RNA polymerase uses the base pair rule to assemble free nucleotides in the nucleus into a complementary strand of RNA.
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For example, RNA polymerase reads the DNA base thymine on the template strand,
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then binds it to a free nucleotide containing adenine.
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This process continues with cytosine binding to guanine and guanine binding with cytosine.
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Remember, though, RNA will never contain thymine.
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So, whenever RNA polymerase sees adenine on the DNA template strand, it pairs adenine with uracil.
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By using the template strand of DNA as a guide,
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the genetic code from the non -template strand of DNA has actually been transcribed into Messenger.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
The speaker keeps coming back to these words: strand, Rna, Dna, template, polymerase. This video has 15 sentences and 217 words to shadow. The speech runs for 1:54. The speaker talks at a steady 114 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. Only 59% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| strand noun | /ˈstɹænd/ | Each of the strings which, twisted together, make up a yarn, rope or cord. |
| template noun | /ˈtɛm.plɪt/ | A physical object whose shape is used as a guide to make other objects. |
| messenger noun | /ˈmɛs.ən.d͡ʒɚ/ | One who brings messages. |
| bind verb | /ˈbaɪ̯nd/ | To tie; to confine by any ligature. |
| gene noun | /d͡ʒiːn/ | A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms which may take several values and (in principle) predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form… |
| acid noun | /ˈæsɪd/ | A sour substance. |
| sequence noun | /ˈsiː.kwəns/ | A set of things next to each other in a set order; a series. |
| genetic adjective | /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/ | Relating to genetics or genes. |
| segment noun | /ˈsɛɡmɛnt/ | A length of some object. |
| instruction noun | /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/ | The act of instructing, teaching, or providing with information or knowledge. |
| enzyme noun | /ˈɛn.zaɪm/ | A biomolecule that catalyses a biological chemical reaction: either a globular protein with this function or an RNA molecule with this function. |
| attach verb | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | To fasten, to join to (literally and figuratively). |
| amino noun | /əˈminoʊ/ | The amine functional group. |
| assemble verb | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | To put together. |
| nucleus noun | /ˈnuː.kli.əs/ | The core, central part of something, around which other elements are assembled. |
Grammar in this video
The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:
| Structure | In the video |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — the focus is on what happens, not who does it | is read · isn't transcribed · been transcribed |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now | has actually been transcribed |
| Relative clauses who / which + clause — extra information about a person or thing | protein, which is |
Pronunciation to watch
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/
- Long words — get the stress right: complementary /ˌkɑmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/, macromolecule /ˈmækɹəʊˌmɒlɪkjuːl/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like strand, template, messenger.
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.