Практика Shadowing: How Psychotherapy Works - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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When one is in a bad place in one's head, the modern world offers three main sources of help.
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Psychiatric meditation, CBT and psychotherapy.
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Each one of these has its own advantages and drawbacks.
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Medication can be exemplary in a crisis, at points when the mind is so under siege from fear,
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anxiety or despair, that thinking things through cannot be an option.
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Correctly administered, without requiring any conscious cooperation from us, pills play around with our brain chemistry in a way
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that helps us get through to the next day and the one after.
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We may get very sleepy, a bit nauseous or rather foggy in the process, but at least we're still around and functioning more or less.
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Then there is cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT, normally administered by psychologists and psychiatrists in six to ten hour-long sessions,
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which teaches techniques for arguing rationally with, and with any luck at points controlling,
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the ghoulish certainties thrown up by our internal persecutors.
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Paranoia, low self-esteem, shame and panic.
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Lastly, there is psychotherapy, which from a distance looks like it has only drawbacks.
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Psychotherapy has a very hard time showing its efficacy in scientific trials
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and it has to plead that its results are too singular, neatly to fit the models offered by statisticians.
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Also, it takes up a large amount of time, demanding perhaps two sessions a week for a couple of years
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and it's therefore by far the most expensive option on the menu.
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Finally, psychotherapy requires active engagement from its patients and sustained emotional effort.
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One can't simply allow chemistry to do the work.
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And yet, psychotherapy is in certain cases a hugely effective choice, which properly alleviates pain, not by magic or chance,
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but for three solidly founded reasons.
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Firstly, our unconscious feelings become conscious.
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A founding idea of psychotherapy is that we get mentally unwell,
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have a breakdown or develop phobias because we are not sufficiently aware of the difficulties we have been through.
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Somewhere in the past, we have endured certain situations that were so troubling or sad,
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they outstripped our rational faculties and had to be pushed out of day-to-day awareness.
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For example, we can't remember the real dynamics of our relationship with a parent.
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We can't see what we do every time someone tries to get close to us, nor trace the origins of our self-sabotage or panic around sex.
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Victims of our unconscious, we cannot grasp what we long for or are terrified by.
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In such cases, we cannot be healed simply through rational discussion as proponents of CBT implicitly propose,
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because we can't fathom what's powering our distress in the first place.
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Psychotherapy is a tool for correcting our self-ignorance in the most profound ways.
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It provides us with a space in which we can, in safety, say whatever comes into our heads.
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The therapist won't be disgusted or surprised or bored.
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They've seen everything already.
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In their company, we can feel acceptable and our secrets sympathetically unpacked.
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As a result, crucial ideas and feelings bubble up from the unconscious and are healed through exposure, interpretation and contextualisation.
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We cry about incidents we didn't even know before the session started, that we'd been through or felt so strongly about.
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The ghosts of the past are seen in daylight and are laid to rest.
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There's a second reason why psychotherapy can work so well – transference.
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Transference is a technical term that describes the way, once therapy develops, a patient will start to behave towards the therapist in ways
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that echo aspects of their most important and most traumatic past relationships.
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A patient with a punitive parent might, for example, develop a strong feeling that the therapist must find them revolting or boring.
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Or a patient who needed to keep a depressed parent cheerful when they were small might feel compelled
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to put up a jokey facade whenever dangerously sad topics come into view.
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We transfer like this outside therapy all the time.
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But there, what we're doing doesn't get noticed or properly dealt with.
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However, psychotherapy is a controlled experiment that can teach us to observe what we're up to, understand where our impulses come from,
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and then adjust our behaviour in less unfortunate directions.
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A therapist might gently ask a patient why they are so convinced they must be disgusting.
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Or they might lead them to see how their use of jokey sarcasm is covering up underlying sadness and terror.
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The patient thereby starts to spot the distortions in their expectations set up by their history
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and develops less self-defeating ways of interacting with people in their lives going forward.
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Then, the third reason why psychotherapy works.
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It is the first good relationship.
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We are, many of us, critically damaged by the legacy of past bad relationships.
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When we were defenseless and small, we didn't have the luxury of experiencing people who were reliable,
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who listened to us, who set the right boundaries and helped us to feel legitimate and worthy.
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However, when things go well, the therapist is experienced as the first truly supportive and reliable person we've yet encountered.
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They become the good parent we so needed and maybe never had.
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In their company, we can regress to stages of development that went wrong and relive them with a better ending.
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Now we can express need, we can be properly angry and entirely devastated and they will take it,
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thereby making good years of pain.
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One good relationship becomes the model for relationships outside the therapy room.
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The therapist's moderate, intelligent voice becomes part of our own inner dialogue.
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We are cured through continuous, repeated exposure to sanity and kindness.
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Psychotherapy won't work for everyone.
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One has to be in the right place in one's mind.
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One has to stumble on a good therapist and be in a position to give the process due time and care.
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But With all that said, with a fair wind, psychotherapy also has the chance to be the best thing we ever get around to doing.
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Thank you.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «How Psychotherapy Works». Чаще всего повторяются слова: psychotherapy, therapist, patient, relationship, therapy. В этом видео 71 предложений и 1012 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 7:15. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 140 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 77% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| psychotherapy существительное | /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛɹəpi/ | психотерапи́я |
| therapist существительное | /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/ | терапе́вт, врач |
| unconscious прилагательное | /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ | бессозна́тельный, без созна́ния |
| drawback существительное | /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/ | недоста́ток, изъя́н |
| transference существительное | /tɹænsˈfəɹəns/ | переправление |
| administer глагол | /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/ | управля́ть, руководи́ть |
| bore глагол | /boɹ/ | надоеда́ть, надое́сть |
| thereby наречие | /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/ | таки́м о́бразом, тем са́мым |
| rational прилагательное | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | мы́слящий, разу́мный |
| compel глагол | /kəmˈpɛl/ | подчиня́ть |
| dangerously наречие | опа́сно | |
| defenseless прилагательное | /dɪˈfɛnsləs/ | беззащи́тный |
| exemplary прилагательное | /ɪɡˈzɛmpləɹi/ | образцо́вый, приме́рный |
| facade существительное | /fəˈsɑ(ː)d/ | фаса́д |
| fathom глагол | /ˈfæðəm/ | де́лать проме́р лотом, измеря́ть |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| put up глагол | ста́вить | |
| set up глагол | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | устана́вливать, установи́ть |
| take up глагол | поднимать |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | be pushed · are terrified · cannot be healed |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | have been · have endured · They've seen |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 15 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например can't, we're, didn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: psychotherapy /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛɹəpi/, therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/, thereby /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/, fathom /ˈfæðəm/, sympathetically /sɪmpəˈθɛtɪk(ə)li/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, ghoulish /ˈɡuː.lɪʃ/, nauseous /ˈnɔʃəs/, statistician /ˌstætɪsˈtɪʃn̩/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: psychotherapy /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛɹəpi/, administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/, exemplary /ɪɡˈzɛmpləɹi/, paranoia /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/, sympathetically /sɪmpəˈθɛtɪk(ə)li/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: facade /fəˈsɑ(ː)d/, punitive /ˈpju.nɪ.tɪv/, relive /ɹiːˈlɪv/, sabotage /ˈsæb.əˌtɑʒ/, plead /pliːd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как psychotherapy, therapist, unconscious.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.