Shadowing Practice: Thich Nhat Hanh on Buddhist Essentials: What is Nirvana - Learn English Speaking with Video
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In Buddhism, we speak of Nirvana, which is the cessation of all suffering.
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Nirvana, first of all, it means the cessation, the extinction of all suffering.
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But our suffering comes from our wrong perceptions, avidya, misunderstanding.
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And that is why the practice of meditation, the practice of looking deeply,
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has the purpose of removing wrong perceptions from us.
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If we are able to remove our wrong perceptions,
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we will be able to be free from the afflictions and the sufferings that always arise from wrong perceptions.
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You have wrong perception on yourself and on the other, and the other has wrong perception on themselves and on you.
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And that is the cause of fear, of violence, of hatred.
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That is why trying to remove wrong perceptions is the only way to peace.
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And that is why Nirvana is first of all the removal of wrong perceptions.
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And when you remove wrong perceptions, you remove the suffering.
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And to meditate deeply, you find out that even ideas like a being and non-being,
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birth and death, coming and going are wrong ideas.
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If you can touch reality in depth,
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you realize that suchness, means the ultimate reality is free from birth,
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from dying, from coming, from going, from being, from non-being.
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That is why nirvana is first of all the removal of notions of ideas that serve the base of misunderstanding and suffering.
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If you are afraid of death,
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of nothingness, of non-being, because we have wrong perceptions on death and on non-being.
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The French scientist Lavoisier said there is no birth, there is no death.
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He just observed reality around him and come to the conclusion that rien ne se cre, rien ne se pe.
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When you look at a cloud, you think that the cloud as a being, and later on when the cloud becomes the rain,
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you don't see the cloud anymore and you say the cloud is not there, and you describe the cloud as non-being.
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But if you look deeply, you can see the cloud in the rain.
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And that is why it's impossible for a cloud to die.
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A cloud can become rain, or snow, or ice, but the cloud cannot become nothing.
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And that is why the notion of death cannot be applied to reality.
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There is a transformation, there is a continuation.
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But you cannot say that there is death, because in your mind, to die means from something, you suddenly become nothing.
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From someone, you suddenly become no one.
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And so the notion of death cannot apply to reality, whether to a cloud or to a human being.
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The Buddha did not die.
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The Buddha only continued by his Sangha, by his Dharma, and you can touch the Buddha in the here and the now.
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And that is why ideas like being born,
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dying, coming, and going, being and non-being should be removed by the practice of looking deeply.
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And when you can remove these notions, you are free and you have non-fear.
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And non-fear is the true foundation of great happiness.
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As far as fear is there in your heart, happiness cannot be perfect.
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And that is why Nirvana is not something that you get in the future.
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Nirvana is the capacity of removing wrong notions,
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wrong perceptions, which is the practice of freedom.
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Nirvana can be translated as freedom, freedom from views.
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And in Buddhism, all views are wrong views.
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When you get in touch with reality, you no longer have views,
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you have wisdom, you have a direct encounter with reality, and that is no longer called views.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Thich Nhat Hanh on Buddhist Essentials: What is Nirvana” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: perception, cloud, nirvana, reality, suffering. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 46 cümle ve 606 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 5:03 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 120 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %85’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 8 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| misunderstand fiil | /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/ | yanlış anlamak |
| affliction isim | /əˈflɪk.ʃən/ | ızdırap, dert |
| meditate fiil | /ˈmɛ.dɪˌteɪt/ | meditasyon yapmak |
| nothingness isim | hiçlik | |
| continuation isim | /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ | devam |
| translate fiil | /tɹænzˈleɪt/ | tercüme etmek, terceme |
| arise fiil | /əˈɹaɪz/ | kalkmak |
| hatred isim | /ˈheɪtɹɪd/ | nefret, iğrenti |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| find out fiil | anlamak, ortaya çıkarmak |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | cannot be applied · being born · should be removed |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | Nirvana, which is · perceptions, which is |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: cessation /sɛˈseɪʃən/, affliction /əˈflɪk.ʃən/, continuation /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, continuation /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; misunderstand, affliction, meditate gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.