Pratique du Shadowing: Thich Nhat Hanh on Buddhist Essentials: What is Nirvana - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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46 phrases
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In Buddhism, we speak of Nirvana, which is the cessation of all suffering.
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Nirvana, first of all, it means the cessation, the extinction of all suffering.
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But our suffering comes from our wrong perceptions, avidya, misunderstanding.
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And that is why the practice of meditation, the practice of looking deeply,
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has the purpose of removing wrong perceptions from us.
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If we are able to remove our wrong perceptions,
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we will be able to be free from the afflictions and the sufferings that always arise from wrong perceptions.
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You have wrong perception on yourself and on the other, and the other has wrong perception on themselves and on you.
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And that is the cause of fear, of violence, of hatred.
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That is why trying to remove wrong perceptions is the only way to peace.
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And that is why Nirvana is first of all the removal of wrong perceptions.
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And when you remove wrong perceptions, you remove the suffering.
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And to meditate deeply, you find out that even ideas like a being and non-being,
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birth and death, coming and going are wrong ideas.
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If you can touch reality in depth,
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you realize that suchness, means the ultimate reality is free from birth,
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from dying, from coming, from going, from being, from non-being.
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That is why nirvana is first of all the removal of notions of ideas that serve the base of misunderstanding and suffering.
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If you are afraid of death,
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of nothingness, of non-being, because we have wrong perceptions on death and on non-being.
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The French scientist Lavoisier said there is no birth, there is no death.
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He just observed reality around him and come to the conclusion that rien ne se cre, rien ne se pe.
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When you look at a cloud, you think that the cloud as a being, and later on when the cloud becomes the rain,
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you don't see the cloud anymore and you say the cloud is not there, and you describe the cloud as non-being.
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But if you look deeply, you can see the cloud in the rain.
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And that is why it's impossible for a cloud to die.
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A cloud can become rain, or snow, or ice, but the cloud cannot become nothing.
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And that is why the notion of death cannot be applied to reality.
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There is a transformation, there is a continuation.
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But you cannot say that there is death, because in your mind, to die means from something, you suddenly become nothing.
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From someone, you suddenly become no one.
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And so the notion of death cannot apply to reality, whether to a cloud or to a human being.
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The Buddha did not die.
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The Buddha only continued by his Sangha, by his Dharma, and you can touch the Buddha in the here and the now.
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And that is why ideas like being born,
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dying, coming, and going, being and non-being should be removed by the practice of looking deeply.
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And when you can remove these notions, you are free and you have non-fear.
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And non-fear is the true foundation of great happiness.
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As far as fear is there in your heart, happiness cannot be perfect.
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And that is why Nirvana is not something that you get in the future.
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Nirvana is the capacity of removing wrong notions,
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wrong perceptions, which is the practice of freedom.
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Nirvana can be translated as freedom, freedom from views.
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And in Buddhism, all views are wrong views.
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When you get in touch with reality, you no longer have views,
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you have wisdom, you have a direct encounter with reality, and that is no longer called views.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Thich Nhat Hanh on Buddhist Essentials: What is Nirvana ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : perception, cloud, nirvana, reality, suffering. Cette vidéo contient 46 phrases et 606 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:03. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 120 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 13 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| nirvana nom | /nɪɹˈvɑ.nə/ | nirvana |
| cessation nom | /sɛˈseɪʃən/ | cessation |
| misunderstand verbe | /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/ | mal interpréter, méprendre |
| affliction nom | /əˈflɪk.ʃən/ | affliction, détresse |
| meditate verbe | /ˈmɛ.dɪˌteɪt/ | méditer |
| nothingness nom | néant | |
| suchness nom | talité | |
| continuation nom | /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ | continuation |
| extinction nom | /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ | extinction |
| translate verbe | /tɹænzˈleɪt/ | traduire |
| arise verbe | /əˈɹaɪz/ | surgir, apparaitre |
| hatred nom | /ˈheɪtɹɪd/ | haine |
| observe verbe | /əbˈzɜːv/ | respecter, observer |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | cannot be applied · being born · should be removed |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | Nirvana, which is · perceptions, which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: cessation /sɛˈseɪʃən/, affliction /əˈflɪk.ʃən/, continuation /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, continuation /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: nirvana /nɪɹˈvɑ.nə/, misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, arise /əˈɹaɪz/, hatred /ˈheɪtɹɪd/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme nirvana, cessation, misunderstand.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.