跟读练习: On freedom - Alan Macfarlane - 通过视频学习英语口语
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48 句
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On freedom.
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I've spent a lot of time through my life wondering what freedom is and what we should do about it.
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I think I must have thought about it obviously as a child.
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Was I free to go out and play?
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Was I free to take this money from my grandmother and so on?
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But it's really obviously later in school and then at university
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when I started to study political philosophy and heard the great cry of the French Revolution, Liberté and so on.
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And one of the breakthroughs in thinking about it was reading an essay by the political philosopher Isaiah Berlin,
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two concepts of liberty because liberty and freedom obviously are closely connected.
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What this helped me to do was to see that there are two really kinds of freedom and I will
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express this and explain this in relation perhaps to concrete examples.
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In China the major concern is what
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Berlin calls negative liberty, that is freedom from.
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And the kinds of things that certainly recent governments are being concerned with is freedom from poverty.
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So they've raised 800 million people out of poverty.
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Freedom from ill health.
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So they've built a very big extensive national,
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well a health service free for everyone at a basic level and freedom from recent disease.
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So Covid only six or seven thousand deaths compared to a million in America.
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Freedom from ignorance.
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So there's been a huge amount of outreach of schools to remote areas and beefing up the universities and so on.
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Freedom to travel.
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So the communications systems have been improved hugely and the virtual ones as well.
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So those are the kinds of freedoms.
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Not so much concerned with freedom from surveillance or direction from the centre,
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the political freedoms, but the social freedoms are of great concern and they're of a negative kind,
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freedom from things.
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The other kind of freedom that
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Berlin talks about is positive freedom, that is freedom to do things.
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And here you could look at America.
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You have the freedom, the right to bear arms and therefore,
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as happened yesterday, 19 school children in the preparatory school were gunned down with a semi -automatic rifle.
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But you have that freedom to go out as an 18 year old
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and buy a gun and you have freedoms to express yourself as freely as you possibly can
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and many positive freedoms like that.
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And so Berlin himself and I think I myself feel that in our lives it's best to concentrate on the negative freedoms,
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the rules about what you can and can't do.
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And these rules are often quite simple.
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For example, in games there are rules
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that you can't say in football you can't pick up the ball and that's a simple rule.
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There are four or five simple rules like that.
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Whereas if you started to try and make positive rules you must do this,
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you must do that and so on and so on and you have the right to do this, the game would get enormously complicated.
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So I find that this kind of distinction allows me to show some preference towards negative freedoms
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and to see a world in which within responsibility
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and within constraint we can be as free as any animal can be free in this troubled world.
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So those are just a few starting thoughts about freedom.
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Thanks very much.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“On freedom - Alan Macfarlane”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：freedom, rule, Berlin, negative, liberty。 这段视频共有 48 个句子、565 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:01。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 113 个词，很适合跟读。 87% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| liberty 名词 | /ˈlɪbəti/ | 自由 |
| poverty 名词 | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | 貧窮 /贫穷, 貧困 /贫困 |
| complicated 形容词 | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | 複雜 /复杂 |
| compare 动词 | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | 比, 比較 /比较 |
| concrete 形容词 | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | 切實的 /切实的, 具體的 /具体的 |
| remote 形容词 | /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ | 遠 /远, 遙遠 /遥远 |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | 然而 |
| connect 动词 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 連接 /连接 |
| automatic 形容词 | /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ | 自動的 /自动的 |
| relation 名词 | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | 關係 /关系 |
| essay 名词 | /ˈɛs.eɪ/ | 雜文 /杂文, 論文 /论文 |
| rifle 名词 | /ˈɹaɪfəl/ | 步槍 /步枪, 來福槍 /来福枪 |
| surveillance 名词 | /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ | 監測 /监测, 監視 /监视 |
| grandmother 名词 | /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/ | 奶奶, 祖母 |
| preference 名词 | /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/ | 優選 /优选, 選擇 /选择 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| go out 动词 | 出, 出口 |
| pick up 动词 | 拾取, 撿 /捡 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | I've spent · they've raised · they've built |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | have been improved · were gunned |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 can't, they've, I've。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: grandmother /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, automatic /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, preparatory /ˈpɹɛp(ə)ɹətɔɹi/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, surveillance /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, concrete /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, automatic /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, rifle /ˈɹaɪfəl/, freely /ˈfɹili/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 liberty, poverty, complicated 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。