Prática de Shadowing: On freedom - Alan Macfarlane - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
48 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
On freedom.
2
I've spent a lot of time through my life wondering what freedom is and what we should do about it.
3
I think I must have thought about it obviously as a child.
4
Was I free to go out and play?
5
Was I free to take this money from my grandmother and so on?
6
But it's really obviously later in school and then at university
7
when I started to study political philosophy and heard the great cry of the French Revolution, Liberté and so on.
8
And one of the breakthroughs in thinking about it was reading an essay by the political philosopher Isaiah Berlin,
9
two concepts of liberty because liberty and freedom obviously are closely connected.
10
What this helped me to do was to see that there are two really kinds of freedom and I will
11
express this and explain this in relation perhaps to concrete examples.
12
In China the major concern is what
13
Berlin calls negative liberty, that is freedom from.
14
And the kinds of things that certainly recent governments are being concerned with is freedom from poverty.
15
So they've raised 800 million people out of poverty.
16
Freedom from ill health.
17
So they've built a very big extensive national,
18
well a health service free for everyone at a basic level and freedom from recent disease.
19
So Covid only six or seven thousand deaths compared to a million in America.
20
Freedom from ignorance.
21
So there's been a huge amount of outreach of schools to remote areas and beefing up the universities and so on.
22
Freedom to travel.
23
So the communications systems have been improved hugely and the virtual ones as well.
24
So those are the kinds of freedoms.
25
Not so much concerned with freedom from surveillance or direction from the centre,
26
the political freedoms, but the social freedoms are of great concern and they're of a negative kind,
27
freedom from things.
28
The other kind of freedom that
29
Berlin talks about is positive freedom, that is freedom to do things.
30
And here you could look at America.
31
You have the freedom, the right to bear arms and therefore,
32
as happened yesterday, 19 school children in the preparatory school were gunned down with a semi -automatic rifle.
33
But you have that freedom to go out as an 18 year old
34
and buy a gun and you have freedoms to express yourself as freely as you possibly can
35
and many positive freedoms like that.
36
And so Berlin himself and I think I myself feel that in our lives it's best to concentrate on the negative freedoms,
37
the rules about what you can and can't do.
38
And these rules are often quite simple.
39
For example, in games there are rules
40
that you can't say in football you can't pick up the ball and that's a simple rule.
41
There are four or five simple rules like that.
42
Whereas if you started to try and make positive rules you must do this,
43
you must do that and so on and so on and you have the right to do this, the game would get enormously complicated.
44
So I find that this kind of distinction allows me to show some preference towards negative freedoms
45
and to see a world in which within responsibility
46
and within constraint we can be as free as any animal can be free in this troubled world.
47
So those are just a few starting thoughts about freedom.
48
Thanks very much.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
C12
201 frases
The Freedom of Loneliness
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
248 frases
Ho Chi Minh: The Price of Freedom | Historical Documentary | Lucasfilm
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C128
7 frases
The First Amendment Explained | Quick Learner
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
130 frases
Is France signalling the end of neoliberalism?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
49 frases
Lady Hale: Do We Have The Right To Die?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
84 frases
Contemporary Topics 3 Unit 8 POLICIAL SCIENCE big brother and the surveillance society
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
138 frases
Sammy McDonald | This House Believes Modern LGBTQ+ Activism Fails Its Community | Cambridge Union
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
742 frases
The REAL reason China built so much
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1117 frases
La rebeldía, según Albert Camus
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
144 frases
Toby Young | Woke Culture HAS Gone Too Far - 3/8 | Oxford Union
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
259 frases
Talk Back: Why Arguing With Yourself Can Help You Flourish
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
273 frases
“I’ve seen how governments suppress freedom” | Telegram founder Pavel Durov at Oslo Freedom Forum
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “On freedom - Alan Macfarlane”. As palavras que mais se repetem: freedom, rule, Berlin, negative, liberty. Este vídeo tem 48 frases e 565 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:01. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 113 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 87% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é fácil de acompanhar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| liberty substantivo | /ˈlɪbəti/ | liberdade |
| poverty substantivo | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | pobreza |
| complicated adjetivo | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | complicado |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparar |
| concrete adjetivo | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | concreto |
| remote adjetivo | /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ | remoto, longínquo |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | enquanto, ao passo que |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar |
| automatic adjetivo | /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ | automático |
| virtual adjetivo | /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/ | virtual |
| relation substantivo | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | relação |
| essay substantivo | /ˈɛs.eɪ/ | ensaio, redação |
| rifle substantivo | /ˈɹaɪfəl/ | fuzil, espingarda |
| surveillance substantivo | /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ | vigilância |
| grandmother substantivo | /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/ | avó |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| go out verbo | sair |
| pick up verbo | pegar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | I've spent · they've raised · they've built |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | have been improved · were gunned |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 7 contrações e formas reduzidas, como can't, they've, I've. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: grandmother /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, automatic /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, preparatory /ˈpɹɛp(ə)ɹətɔɹi/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, concrete /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, automatic /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/, concentrate /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, rifle /ˈɹaɪfəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como liberty, poverty, complicated.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.