シャドーイング練習: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Hurricanes - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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79 文
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1
few events can rival the power of a hurricane
2
we only have to look back at the devastation wreaked by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 to realize this.
3
While hurricanes are a natural phenomenon, some experts believe human activity may actually be impacting on their development.
4
Tom Parker reports.
5
Each year in the tropical regions surrounding the equator, hundreds of storms form at sea, some of which will intensify to hurricane level.
6
Research suggests that the strength and duration of these storms is on the increase.
7
Global warming could well be behind this shift.
8
Hurricane expert Julia James explains how hurricanes form and talks about the possible influence of climate change on hurricanes.
9
Hurricanes develop in warm tropical regions, both north and south of the equator.
10
One prerequisite for hurricane formation is a warm ocean surface, at least 27 degrees Celsius.
11
When equatorial winds pass over the sea, they suck up the warm, moist air.
12
As the air is forced upwards, it gets cooler and condenses into clouds.
13
This can result in the formation of cloud clusters and thunderstorms, known as tropical disturbances.
14
The majority of these die out, but some go on to develop into full -blown hurricanes.
15
This happens when converging equatorial winds set off a chain reaction of rising and sinking air.
16
As wind speeds increase, cool air is sucked underneath the rising warm air and the storm begins to rotate.
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It will only be given hurricane status if wind speeds reach 74 miles per hour.
18
and it's only when it hits land
19
and is cut off from its supply of heat
20
that it loses momentum
21
but not without first unleashing winds of up to 185 miles per hour on coastal areas
22
so a warm ocean surface is a key ingredient in hurricane development
23
some experts have theorized that
24
because global warming is heating up our oceans it is also boosting hurricane formation carbon dioxide and other man -made greenhouse gases
25
Raise the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere.
26
This leads to warmer sea surface temperatures, and a warm ocean will produce higher levels of water vapor than a cool one.
27
This water vapor plays an important role in fueling hurricanes and keeping them spinning.
28
It also increases precipitation when the storm reaches land.
29
During Hurricane Katrina, rainfall exceeded 12 inches near New Orleans.
30
Evidence that hurricanes are becoming more severe is quite compelling.
31
What we've seen in recent years is an increase in both the strength and duration of storms, with a higher percentage of devastating
32
Category 4 and 5 hurricanes hitting land annually.
33
Between 1970 and 2005, this figure doubled worldwide.
34
But whether this trend can be attributed to human activity has yet to be scientifically established.
35
Similarly, some experts have hypothesized that the violent storms we are seeing can actually be attributed to natural fluctuations in ocean currents.
36
Whatever the case, if our seas continue to get warmer, hurricane -related losses in the 21st century may be devastating,
37
especially given the fact that coastal populations are becoming denser and denser all the time.
38
Number 1.
39
How does a hurricane begin?
40
Number 2.
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When is a hurricane at its most powerful?
42
Number 3.
43
According to Julia James, what can increased amounts of carbon dioxide lead to?
44
Thank you.
45
Number four.
46
What happened globally between 1970 and 2005?
47
Number 5.
48
What disturbing assumption does the speaker arrive at?
49
Number 1.
50
How does a hurricane begin?
51
Hurricanes develop in warm tropical regions, both north and south of the equator.
52
One prerequisite for hurricane formation is a warm ocean surface, at least 27 degrees Celsius.
53
When equatorial winds pass over the sea, they suck up the warm, moist air.
54
As the air is forced upwards, it gets cooler and condenses into clouds.
55
This can result in the formation of cloud clusters and thunderstorms, known as tropical disturbances.
56
Number 2.
57
When is a hurricane at its most powerful?
58
it will only be given hurricane status
59
if wind speeds reach 74 miles per hour and it's only
60
when it hits land and is cut off from its supply of heat
61
that it loses momentum
62
but not without first unleashing winds of up to 185 miles per hour on coastal areas number three according to julia James,
63
what can increased amounts of carbon dioxide lead to?
64
Carbon dioxide and other man -made greenhouse gases raise the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere.
65
This leads to warmer sea surface temperatures, and a warm ocean will produce higher levels of water vapor than a cool one.
66
This water vapor plays an important role in fueling hurricanes and keeping them spinning.
67
It also increases precipitation when the storm reaches land.
68
Number four.
69
What happened globally between 1970 and 2005?
70
Evidence that hurricanes are becoming more severe is quite compelling.
71
What we've seen in recent years is an increase in both the strength
72
and duration of storms with a higher percentage of devastating
73
Category 4 and 5 hurricanes hitting land annually.
74
Between 1970 and 2005, this figure doubled worldwide.
75
Number 5.
76
What disturbing assumption does the speaker arrive at?
77
Whatever the case, if our seas continue to get warmer, hurricane -related losses in the 21st century may be devastating,
78
especially given the fact that coastal populations are becoming denser and denser all the time.
79
Thank you.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「TOEFL Listening Practice」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：hurricane, warm, storm, wind, ocean。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が79文、単語が852語あります。 音声の長さは8:26です。 話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約101語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は75%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| hurricane 名詞 | /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/ | 暴風, 暴風雨 |
| tropical 形容詞 | /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ | 熱帯, 回帰線 |
| cloud 名詞 | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | 雲, 雲霞 |
| dense 形容詞 | /ˈdɛns/ | 濃い, 密 |
| dioxide 名詞 | /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ | 二酸化物 |
| vapor 名詞 | /ˈveɪpɚ/ | 気体, 蒸気 |
| suck 動詞 | /sʌk/ | 吸う, しゃぶる |
| duration 名詞 | /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ | 期間, 存続 |
| percentage 名詞 | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | 百分率, 百分比 |
| atmosphere 名詞 | /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ | 大気, 大気圏 |
| arrive 動詞 | /əˈɹaɪv/ | 着く, 到着する |
| spin 動詞 | /spɪn/ | 回転する |
| annually 副詞 | /ˈæn.jʊə.li/ | 毎年 |
| momentum 名詞 | /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/ | 運動量 |
| greenhouse 名詞 | /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ | 温室, ハウス |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| die out 動詞 | 死に絶える |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is forced · is sucked · be given |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have theorized · we've seen · have hypothesized |
注意したい発音
- 「th」の音: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, thunderstorm /ˈθʌn.dɚˌstɔɹm/, hypothesize /haɪˈpɑ.θəˌsaɪz/, theorize /ˈθɪɹ.aɪz/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, precipitation /pɹɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn̩/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, unleash /ʌnˈliʃ/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: momentum /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/, precipitation /pɹɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn̩/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/, rival /ˈɹaɪvəl/, equatorial /ˌɛkwəˈtɔːɹiəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vapor /ˈveɪpɚ/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, violent /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/, rival /ˈɹaɪvəl/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, fluctuation /flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/, intensify /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/, scientifically /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪkli/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。hurricane, tropical, cloudなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。