レッスン97 · ステージ8: 形容詞・副詞・前置詞
形容詞 + 前置詞
中級Adjective + preposition
形と使い方
good at, interested in, afraid of, worried about — 決まった前置詞と結びつく形容詞
1.基本の形
多くの形容詞は、後ろに何かが続くとき決まった前置詞をとります:形容詞 + 前置詞 + 名詞 / 代名詞 / -ing。前置詞はたいてい推測できないので、セットで覚えましょう。afraid だけでなく afraid of と覚えます。
| 前置詞の後ろ | 例 |
|---|---|
| 名詞 | My brother is interested in history. |
| 代名詞 | We're really proud of you. |
| -ing 形 | Lan is good at cooking. |
| 疑問文:前置詞は文末 | What are you worried about? |
前置詞の後ろの動詞は、必ず -ing 形にします:interested in learning、good at drawing、tired of waiting(in learn / at draw ではない)。レッスン「前置詞 + -ing」を見てください。
2.前置詞別のよく使う形容詞
| 前置詞 | 形容詞 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| at | good / bad / great / brilliant / terrible at | Minh is good at maths. |
| in | interested in · involved in | Are you interested in art? |
| of | afraid / scared / frightened / terrified of · proud / ashamed / jealous of · tired / sick of · full / aware / capable / fond of | My little sister is afraid of dogs. |
| about | worried / nervous / excited / upset / sure about | She's nervous about the interview. |
| for | famous / responsible / ready / late for | Hoi An is famous for its lanterns. |
| to | married / engaged to · similar to · kind / polite / rude to(人) | Hoa is married to a doctor. |
| with | angry / annoyed with(人)· bored / fed up with · happy / satisfied with · crowded with | The beach was crowded with tourists. |
| on | keen on(イギリス英語)· dependent on | My dad is keen on fishing. |
| from | different from · absent from | My job is different from my father's. |
Minh is good at maths, but he's bad at remembering names.
ミンは数学が得意ですが、人の名前を覚えるのは苦手です。
Are you ready for the trip?
旅行の準備はできた?
I'm tired of eating instant noodles every day.
毎日インスタントラーメンを食べるのはもううんざりです。
Your phone is similar to mine.
あなたのスマホは私のと似ています。
I'm so excited about the holiday!
休みが本当に楽しみ!
3.1つの形容詞、違う前置詞
形容詞の中には、後ろに来るのが人か物事かによって前置詞が変わるものや、前置詞によって意味が変わるものがあります。
| 形 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| kind / nice / good / silly of sb (to do) | 人がしたことについての感想 | It was kind of you to help me. |
| kind / nice / polite / rude to sb | 人への接し方 | She's always kind to her students. |
| angry / annoyed / upset with sb | 人に対して怒っている | My parents are angry with me. |
| angry / annoyed / upset about sth | 状況のせいで怒っている | He's angry about the delay. |
| sorry about / for sth | 何かを謝る、残念に思う | Sorry about the mess. / Sorry for the delay. |
| feel sorry for sb | 人をかわいそうに思う | I feel sorry for him. |
| good at / good for / good with | 〜が得意 · 〜に良い(健康に)· 〜の扱いがうまい(人、数字など) | good at maths · good for your health · good with children |
It was really nice of you to call.
電話をくれて本当にありがとう。
Please be polite to the customers.
お客様には丁寧に接してください。
Swimming is good for your back.
水泳は腰にいいですよ。
4.イギリス英語 / アメリカ英語、くだけた言い方
- different from はどこでも使えます。イギリス英語では different to、アメリカ英語では different than もよく使います。
- 人に対して angry with はイギリス英語の標準的な形です。アメリカ英語では angry at もよく使います。
- surprised / shocked / amazed at と by はどちらも正しいです。
- bored with が標準的な形ですが、日常会話では bored of もよく使います。
- married to は be / get と一緒に使います:She got married to a man from Hue. でも動詞の marry には前置詞をつけません:She married him.
前置詞を日本語から訳そうとしないようにしましょう。英語の前置詞は日本語の助詞とは対応しないことが多いです:married to(「〜と結婚」でも with ではない)、good at、similar to、afraid of。形容詞と前置詞をひとまとまりで覚えましょう。
5.よくある間違い
I'm not interested about football.I'm not interested in football.
interested には必ず in を使います。
She is married with an engineer from Hue.She is married to an engineer from Hue.
be married to + 人。
My parents are angry on me.My parents are angry with me.
人に対して怒る → angry with(アメリカ英語:angry at)。
Your phone is similar with mine.Your phone is similar to mine.
similar to。
He's good in playing the guitar.He's good at playing the guitar.
得意なこと:good at + -ing。
I'm interested in learn Chinese.I'm interested in learning Chinese.
前置詞の後ろは -ing 形にします。
例文
- Lan is really good at cooking.
- My brother is very interested in history.
- My little sister is afraid of dogs.
- I'm worried about my exam tomorrow.
