第 108 课 · 第 9 阶段: 连接观点
During 与 while
中级During vs while
构成与用法
during + 名词，while + 从句 — 在……期间、与……同时
1.形式
During 和 while 都表示某件事发生在另一件事的时间之内。区别在于后面接什么：during + 名词，while + 从句（主语 + 动词）。For 回答的是另一个问题：多长时间。
| 词 | 后面接 | 回答 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| during | 名词（the film、the night、my holiday） | 什么时候？ | I fell asleep during the film. |
| while | 从句（主语 + 动词） | 什么时候？ | I fell asleep while I was watching the film. |
| for | 一段时间的长度（two hours、three days） | 多长时间？ | I slept for two hours. |
很多语言用同一个词表达这两种意思。快速判断：空格后面有没有主语 + 动词？有 → while。只有名词 → during。
2.During + 名词
1. 某件事发生在一段时间或一个活动中的某个时刻
My phone rang twice during the meeting.
开会的时候我的手机响了两次。
Someone knocked on the door during the night.
夜里有人敲门。
2. 贯穿整个时间段
Most shops in our street close during Tet.
春节期间，我们这条街上大部分商店都关门。
Nobody said a word during the whole trip.
整个旅途中谁都没说一句话。
常见搭配：during the day / the night / the summer / the week / the war / the 1990s / my stay / the lesson / the meal。
3.While + 从句
1. 两件事同时发生
Linh listens to podcasts while she cooks.
阿玲一边做饭一边听播客。
Could you hold my coffee while I find my keys?
我找钥匙的时候，你能帮我拿一下咖啡吗？
2. 一个短暂的事件打断了一个较长的动作——较长的动作通常用过去进行时（见“过去进行时”一课）
Someone stole my bag while I was waiting for the train.
我等火车的时候，包被人偷了。
While we were having dinner, the power went out.
我们正在吃晚饭的时候，停电了。
3. 谈论将来：while + 现在时（不用 will）
Can you water my plants while I'm away?
我不在的时候，你能帮我浇浇花吗？（不说：while I will be away）
I'll do the shopping while you're at the dentist.
你去看牙医的时候，我去买东西。
4. 简略形式：while + -ing（两部分主语相同时）
Please don't use your phone while driving.
开车时请不要用手机。
She hurt her back while lifting a heavy box.
她搬一个很重的箱子时扭伤了腰。
While 还有第二个意思，“而，然而”，用来对比两件事：My brother loves football, while I prefer badminton。这个意思和时间没有关系。
4.用 for 还是 during？
For + 一段时间的长度，说明某事持续多长时间。During + 一个时间段或活动，说明某事什么时候发生。不要用 during 来表示时长：不说 “I waited during two hours”。
We went to Phu Quoc for five days during the summer holidays.
暑假期间我们去富国岛玩了五天。（for = 多长时间，during = 什么时候）
It rained for three hours during the night.
夜里下了三个小时的雨。
I learned to cook while I was living in Osaka.
我住在大阪的时候学会了做饭。（while + 从句）
I learned to cook during my time in Osaka.
我在大阪那段时间学会了做饭。（during + 名词）
During the last two weeks 是正确的：“the last two weeks” 是一个具体的时间段，不是在回答“多长时间？”。要说明时长，用 for：I've been sick for two weeks。
5.常见错误
During I was cooking, I burnt my hand.While I was cooking, I burnt my hand.
后面是从句 → 用 while。
I fell asleep while the film.I fell asleep during the film.
后面只有名词 → 用 during。
I lived in Da Nang during five years.I lived in Da Nang for five years.
表示时长 → 用 for。
I'll call you while I will be in Hanoi.I'll call you while I'm in Hanoi.
while 后面用现在时表示将来。
Don't talk during eating.Don't talk while eating.
后面是 -ing 动作时，用 while。
例句
- I fell asleep during the film.
- Someone rang the doorbell while I was having a shower.
- The lights went out during the storm.
- Minh read a book while he was waiting for the bus.
