Shadowing Practice: RE2 Unit 9A - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Track 17 Reading 9A The Teenage Brain Parents,
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teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers knows how difficult the adolescent years can be.
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Adolescents have always been known to do wild, even dangerous things.
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This was thought to be due to the foolishness of youth.
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Now, brain imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before.
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Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.
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A work in progress.
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Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed.
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Only during adolescence do our brains truly grow up.
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During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded.
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This upgrade was once thought to be finished by about age 12.
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Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25.
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Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses with the need to follow rules.
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However, a still -developing brain does this clumsily.
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The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behaviour seen in teenagers.
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Pleasure seekers The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways.
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Fortunately, the news isn't all negative.
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As brain scientist BJ Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behaviour in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.
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One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward.
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Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would.
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Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks
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and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
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Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding.
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As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people.
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Scientists suggest this is because as teens, we begin to realize that our peers may one day control the world we live in.
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Because it is still developing, the teen brain can change to deal with new situations.
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It therefore connects social rewards with even more pleasure.
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In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life.
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Unfortunately, this hunt for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions.
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However, it also means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent.
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The scientists' findings suggest that in the long run,
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the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents' care and live their own lives successfully.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Las palabras que más se repiten: brain, teen, scientist, reward, teenagers. Este vídeo tiene 32 frases y 463 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:30. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 132 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 84 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| scientist sustantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | científico, científica |
| reward sustantivo | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | recompensa |
| teenager sustantivo | /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/ | adolescente, adolescentes |
| upgrade verbo | /əpˈɡɹeɪd/ | embonar, mejorar |
| researcher sustantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | investigador, investigadora |
| impulse sustantivo | /ˈɪmpʌls/ | impulso |
| adolescent sustantivo | /ˌæd.əˈlɛs.ənt/ | adolescente, muchacho |
| discovery sustantivo | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | descubrimiento, hallazgo |
| encourage verbo | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | alentar, arengar |
| successfully adverbio | /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/ | exitosamente |
| confirm verbo | /kənˈfɝm/ | confirmar |
| discover verbo | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | descubrir |
| intense adjetivo | /ɪnˈtɛns/ | intenso |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar, empalmar |
| excitement sustantivo | /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ | emoción |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| go through verbo | atravesar |
| grow up verbo | crecer |
| point out verbo | señalar, apuntar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | been known · was thought · being upgraded |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have always been known · have led · have concluded |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | anyone who regularly · friends, which is |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: adolescent /ˌæd.əˈlɛs.ənt/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/, adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: teenager /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/, encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como scientist, reward, teenager.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.