Prática de Shadowing: RE2 Unit 9A - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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32 frases
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Track 17 Reading 9A The Teenage Brain Parents,
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teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers knows how difficult the adolescent years can be.
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Adolescents have always been known to do wild, even dangerous things.
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This was thought to be due to the foolishness of youth.
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Now, brain imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before.
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Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.
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A work in progress.
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Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed.
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Only during adolescence do our brains truly grow up.
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During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded.
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This upgrade was once thought to be finished by about age 12.
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Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25.
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Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses with the need to follow rules.
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However, a still -developing brain does this clumsily.
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The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behaviour seen in teenagers.
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Pleasure seekers The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways.
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Fortunately, the news isn't all negative.
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As brain scientist BJ Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behaviour in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.
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One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward.
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Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would.
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Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks
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and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
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Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding.
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As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people.
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Scientists suggest this is because as teens, we begin to realize that our peers may one day control the world we live in.
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Because it is still developing, the teen brain can change to deal with new situations.
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It therefore connects social rewards with even more pleasure.
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In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life.
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Unfortunately, this hunt for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions.
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However, it also means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent.
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The scientists' findings suggest that in the long run,
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the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents' care and live their own lives successfully.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
As palavras que mais se repetem: brain, teen, scientist, reward, teenagers. Este vídeo tem 32 frases e 463 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:30. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 132 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| scientist substantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | cientista |
| reward substantivo | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | recompensa |
| teenager substantivo | /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/ | adolescente |
| upgrade verbo | /əpˈɡɹeɪd/ | melhorar |
| researcher substantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | pesquisador, pesquisadora |
| impulse substantivo | /ˈɪmpʌls/ | impulso |
| adolescent substantivo | /ˌæd.əˈlɛs.ənt/ | adolescente, rapaz |
| discovery substantivo | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | descoberta |
| encourage verbo | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | encorajar, incentivar |
| successfully advérbio | /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/ | com sucesso |
| confirm verbo | /kənˈfɝm/ | firmar |
| discover verbo | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | descobrir |
| intense adjetivo | /ɪnˈtɛns/ | intenso |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar |
| excitement substantivo | /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ | excitação, empolgação |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| grow up verbo | crescer |
| point out verbo | apontar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | been known · was thought · being upgraded |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have always been known · have led · have concluded |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | anyone who regularly · friends, which is |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: adolescent /ˌæd.əˈlɛs.ənt/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/, adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, upgrade /əpˈɡɹeɪd/, adolescent /ˌæd.əˈlɛs.ənt/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como scientist, reward, teenager.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.