Pratica di Shadowing: RE2 Unit 9A - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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32 frasi
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Track 17 Reading 9A The Teenage Brain Parents,
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teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers knows how difficult the adolescent years can be.
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Adolescents have always been known to do wild, even dangerous things.
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This was thought to be due to the foolishness of youth.
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Now, brain imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before.
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Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.
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A work in progress.
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Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed.
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Only during adolescence do our brains truly grow up.
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During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded.
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This upgrade was once thought to be finished by about age 12.
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Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25.
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Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses with the need to follow rules.
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However, a still -developing brain does this clumsily.
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The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behaviour seen in teenagers.
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Pleasure seekers The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways.
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Fortunately, the news isn't all negative.
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As brain scientist BJ Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behaviour in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.
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One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward.
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Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would.
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Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks
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and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
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Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding.
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As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people.
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Scientists suggest this is because as teens, we begin to realize that our peers may one day control the world we live in.
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Because it is still developing, the teen brain can change to deal with new situations.
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It therefore connects social rewards with even more pleasure.
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In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life.
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Unfortunately, this hunt for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions.
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However, it also means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent.
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The scientists' findings suggest that in the long run,
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the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents' care and live their own lives successfully.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Le parole che ritornano più spesso: brain, teen, scientist, reward, teenagers. Questo video contiene 32 frasi e 463 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 3:30. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 132 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 84% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| scientist sostantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | scienziato, scienziata |
| reward sostantivo | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | ricompensa |
| teenager sostantivo | /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/ | giovane, adolescente |
| researcher sostantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | ricercatore, ricercatrice |
| impulse sostantivo | /ˈɪmpʌls/ | impulso, aire |
| adolescent sostantivo | /ˌæd.əˈlɛs.ənt/ | adolescente |
| discovery sostantivo | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | scoperta, scoprimento |
| encourage verbo | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | incoraggiare, raccomandare |
| successfully avverbio | /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/ | con successo |
| confirm verbo | /kənˈfɝm/ | cresimare |
| discover verbo | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | scoprire, trovare |
| intense aggettivo | /ɪnˈtɛns/ | intenso |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | connettere, connettersi |
| excitement sostantivo | /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ | eccitamento, orgasmo |
| peer sostantivo | /pɪɹ/ | pari, uguale |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| go through verbo | attraversare |
| grow up verbo | crescere |
| point out verbo | additare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | been known · was thought · being upgraded |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have always been known · have led · have concluded |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | anyone who regularly · friends, which is |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: adolescent /ˌæd.əˈlɛs.ənt/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/, adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, upgrade /əpˈɡɹeɪd/, impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/, adolescent /ˌæd.əˈlɛs.ənt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: adolescent /ˌæd.əˈlɛs.ənt/, adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come scientist, reward, teenager.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.