Lección 71 · Etapa 6: Patrones verbales
Verbo + persona + to-infinitivo
IntermedioVerb + person + to-infinitive
Forma y uso
want/ask/tell + persona + to verbo — lo que quieres que alguien haga
1.Forma
Para decir que quieres que otra persona haga algo (want, ask, tell, advise…), usa verbo + objeto (persona) + to + verbo. La persona va en forma de objeto: me, you, him, her, us, them o un nombre.
| Estructura | Ejemplo | |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa | verbo + O + to V | I want you to come. |
| Negativa (segundo verbo) | verbo + O + not to V | She told me not to worry. |
| Negativa (verbo principal) | don't / didn't + verbo + O + to V | They didn't ask us to stay. |
| Pregunta | do / did + S + verbo + O + to V? | Do you want me to help? |
| Pasiva | be + V3 + to V | We were asked to wait. |
En español decimos “quiero que vengas”, y de ahí salen errores como “I want that you come” o “I want you come”. El inglés necesita las tres partes: want + you + to come. La persona va en forma de objeto: want him (no he) to come.
2.Verbos comunes
1. Querer, esperar, necesitar: want, would like, expect, need
My parents want me to study medicine.
Mis padres quieren que estudie medicina.
I'd like you to meet my cousin, Hoa.
Me gustaría presentarte a mi prima Hoa.
The coach expects us to train every morning.
El entrenador espera que entrenemos todas las mañanas.
2. Pedir, decir, recordar, invitar: ask, tell, remind, beg, invite, help
Can you remind me to buy some eggs?
¿Me recuerdas que compre huevos?
The teacher told us not to use dictionaries.
El profesor nos dijo que no usáramos diccionarios.
Minh invited me to join his band.
Minh me invitó a unirme a su banda.
3. Aconsejar, convencer, animar, advertir: advise, encourage, persuade, convince, warn, urge
The doctor advised me to get more sleep.
El médico me aconsejó dormir más.
My friends persuaded me to try karaoke.
Mis amigos me convencieron de probar el karaoke.
They warned us not to swim after dark.
Nos advirtieron que no nadáramos de noche.
4. Permitir, obligar, hacer posible, enseñar: allow, permit, force, enable, teach, get (= convencer, informal)
The rain forced us to stay indoors.
La lluvia nos obligó a quedarnos en casa.
This app allows you to track your spending.
Esta app te permite llevar el control de tus gastos.
My grandpa taught me to fish.
Mi abuelo me enseñó a pescar.
I finally got my brother to clean his room.
Por fin conseguí que mi hermano ordenara su cuarto.
3.Verbos que no usan esta estructura
Algunos verbos de significado parecido no van con persona + to + verbo. Hay que usar otra estructura. make y let van con persona + forma base, sin to; mira la lección “Make / let” a alguien hacer.
| Verbo | Se dice | No |
|---|---|---|
| hope | I hope (that) you like it. | I hope you to like it. |
| suggest | I suggest (that) you rest. / I suggest resting. | I suggest you to rest. |
| say | She told me to wait. / She said (that) I should wait. | She said me to wait. |
| explain | Can you explain to me how it works? | Can you explain me how it works? |
| make / let | They made us wait. / Let me go. | They made us to wait. / Let me to go. |
4.Con persona: to + verbo; sin persona: -ing
Con advise, allow, permit, encourage: si hay una persona después del verbo → to + verbo; si no hay persona → -ing. Con recommend, lo más seguro es -ing o una oración con that: I recommend booking early / I recommend (that) you book early.
I'd advise you to bring a raincoat. / I'd advise bringing a raincoat.
Te aconsejo llevar un impermeable. / Aconsejo llevar un impermeable.
They don't allow people to park here. / They don't allow parking here.
No dejan que la gente estacione aquí. / Aquí no se permite estacionar.
La voz pasiva es muy común: be allowed to, be asked to, be told to, be advised to, be expected to.
You're not allowed to bring food into the cinema.
No está permitido entrar al cine con comida.
Passengers are asked to keep their bags with them.
Se ruega a los pasajeros que lleven sus bolsos consigo.
Con esta estructura también se cuentan peticiones y órdenes: “Please sit down,” she said. → She asked me to sit down. “Don't be late!” → He told us not to be late. Mira también la lección “Estilo indirecto”.
5.Errores comunes
I want you come early tomorrow.I want you to come early tomorrow.
Falta to.
My parents want that I become a doctor.My parents want me to become a doctor.
want no va con una oración con that (a diferencia de “querer que”).
She told me don't worry.She told me not to worry.
La negativa es not to + verbo.
He said me to wait outside.He told me to wait outside.
say no va con persona + to; usa tell.
The doctor suggested me to rest.The doctor advised me to rest. / The doctor suggested (that) I rest.
suggest no va con persona + to.
They don't allow to smoke here.They don't allow smoking here. / They don't allow people to smoke here.
allow necesita persona + to + verbo, o -ing.
Ejemplos
- My parents want me to become a doctor.
- Can you remind me to call Lan tonight?
- Our teacher encourages us to ask lots of questions.
- The heavy rain forced us to cancel the football match.
