シャドーイング練習: How to Deepen Your Friendships - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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We are inclined to think
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that the secret of great friendship is all about finding someone with whom we mysteriously and wonderfully just click,
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without having to do very much about it.
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But this is arguably an unhelpful stance, because it implies that there is nothing that any of us can do to become better friends.
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Friendship is made to look like a mere happy accident.
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At the School of Life, we think differently.
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We believe that good friendships follow certain principles which can be identified, discussed and taught.
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We firmly believe that we can learn to become better friends and are not any of us born knowing how to be.
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Here then are some of the principles of being a good friend.
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Firstly, asking the right questions.
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We need to learn the art of teasing out of people the bits of themselves that are sincere, vulnerable and true.
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Society tends to encourage us to stay on the surface.
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True friends know how to go deep.
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In order to do so, they ask questions like, How did it feel when X or Y loss occurred?
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They show empathy.
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They say, You must have felt quite sad when...
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They use self -disclosure to encourage others to throw off their masks.
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They might say, I found myself very scared when… Secondly, sincerity.
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Allow space for sadness, regret and melancholy.
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Don't come in with aggressively cheerful, leading questions like, is everything okay then?
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Keep enquiries open.
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Allow room for intimate disclosures.
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Thirdly, silence.
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Don't always speak or interrupt corrupt, allow the other person to unfurl their concerns.
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Fourthly, going deep in you allows them to go deep in themselves.
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People can only go as far with others as they have gone inside themselves.
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A key part of the art of friendship is therefore to know yourself as well as possible, and then to use the data about who you are are,
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as a guide to who others are liable to be.
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We all know that around some people we feel we're boring and have nothing to say.
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This is solely a reflection of how many rooms such people have opened up in their own minds.
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The more they've explored, the more interesting their interlocutors will feel in themselves.
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5. Don't Jabber It can be tempting to talk too much on pet themes.
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Ask yourself with courage, what could another person possibly do with what I propose to tell them? Be ruthless.
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Do they really need to know this?
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Can there be a space in someone else's minds for this, or not so much?
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Sixthly, allow room for weirdness.
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We are all stranger than we're meant to be.
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Know this of yourself and of others, and therefore clear conversational space,
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which will allow space for the odour yet still utterly normal parts of them to assume shape.
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Remember the essential dictum, no one is normal.
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Seventhly, know that everyone is anxious and scared.
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However confident others seem, they are always likely to be inside, close to despair, panic or regret.
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Don't wait for them to tell you this, assume it's true and then just respond accordingly,
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with pre -emptive signs of sympathy and tenderness.
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8. Love in a cold universe We are probably the only things in the universe.
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Out there, it's mostly just gas, rock and silence.
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So, concentrate inside our bonds on conviviality and good humour.
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It's a very strange and tricky business being human, think of how odd it is to have nostrils or elbows.
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So use the alienation and fear of out there to inspire warmth and compassion for ourselves in here.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How to Deepen Your Friendships」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：allow, friendship, themselves, space, deep。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が49文、単語が600語あります。 音声の長さは4:18です。 話す速さは1分あたり約139語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| scare 動詞 | /skɛɚ/ | 威かす, 驚かす |
| interlocutor 名詞 | /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/ | 対話者, 対談者 |
| melancholy 名詞 | /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/ | 憂鬱, 鬱病 |
| nostril 名詞 | /ˈnɒs.tɹɪl/ | 鼻孔, 鼻の穴 |
| sincerity 名詞 | /sɪnˈsɛɹəti/ | 誠実, 誠意 |
| tenderness 名詞 | /ˈtɛn.dɚ.nɪs/ | 優しさ, 優しみ |
| thirdly 副詞 | /ˈθɚdli/ | 第三に |
| cheerful 形容詞 | /ˈt͡ʃɪɹfl̩/ | 楽しげな, 陽気な |
| interrupt 動詞 | /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/ | 中断する, 邪魔する |
| aggressively 副詞 | 攻撃的に, 侵略的に | |
| ruthless 形容詞 | /ˈɹuːθləs/ | 無情な, 残酷な |
| empathy 名詞 | /ˈɛmpəθi/ | 共感 |
| firstly 副詞 | /ˈfɜɹstli/ | 先ず, 第一に |
| warmth 名詞 | /wɔɹmθ/ | 暖かさ, 温かみ |
| despair 名詞 | /dɪˈspɛə(ɹ)/ | 絶望, 失望 |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have gone · have opened · they've explored |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is made · can be identified |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, we're, they'veなど、短縮形や弱形を7回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/, empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: disclosure /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/, alienation /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: alienation /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, conviviality /kənvɪviˈælɪti/, interlocutor /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/, melancholy /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: disclosure /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, interlocutor /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/, nostril /ˈnɒs.tɹɪl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, conviviality /kənvɪviˈælɪti/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, unfurl /ʌnˈfɝl/, unhelpful /ʌnˈhɛlpfəl/, wonderfully /wʌn.də(ɹ).fli/, cheerful /ˈt͡ʃɪɹfl̩/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。scare, interlocutor, melancholyなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。