跟讀練習: How to Deepen Your Friendships - 通過影片學習英語口語
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49 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
1
We are inclined to think
我們傾向於認為
2
that the secret of great friendship is all about finding someone with whom we mysteriously and wonderfully just click,
美好友誼的秘訣就在於找到一個能與我們神奇而又奇妙地一拍即合的人。
3
without having to do very much about it.
而無需為此付出太多努力。
4
But this is arguably an unhelpful stance, because it implies that there is nothing that any of us can do to become better friends.
但這種立場可以說毫無益處，因為它暗示我們任何人都無法通過努力成為更好的朋友。
5
Friendship is made to look like a mere happy accident.
友誼被描繪成一場純粹的幸運偶遇。
6
At the School of Life, we think differently.
在人生學校，我們有著不同的思考方式。
7
We believe that good friendships follow certain principles which can be identified, discussed and taught.
我們相信，良好的友誼遵循著一些可以被識別、探討和傳授的原則。
8
We firmly believe that we can learn to become better friends and are not any of us born knowing how to be.
我們堅信，人可以通過學習成為更好的朋友，沒有人天生就懂得如何做朋友。
9
Here then are some of the principles of being a good friend.
以下是成為好朋友的一些原則。
10
Firstly, asking the right questions.
首先，要提出正確的問題。
11
We need to learn the art of teasing out of people the bits of themselves that are sincere, vulnerable and true.
我們需要學會一種技巧，能夠引導人們展現出他們真誠、脆弱和真實的一面。
12
Society tends to encourage us to stay on the surface.
社會往往鼓勵我們停留在表面。
13
True friends know how to go deep.
真正的朋友懂得如何深入交心。
14
In order to do so, they ask questions like, How did it feel when X or Y loss occurred?
為了做到這一點，他們會提出諸如“當經歷X或Y的損失時，你有什麼感受？”之類的問題。
15
They show empathy.
他們會展現同理心。
16
They say, You must have felt quite sad when...
他們說，你當時一定感到非常難過，當……
17
They use self -disclosure to encourage others to throw off their masks.
他們通過自我表露來鼓勵他人摘下面具。
18
They might say, I found myself very scared when… Secondly, sincerity.
他們可能會說，我發現自己非常害怕的時候……其次，是真誠。
19
Allow space for sadness, regret and melancholy.
給自己留出容納悲傷、遺憾與惆悵的空間。
20
Don't come in with aggressively cheerful, leading questions like, is everything okay then?
別一上來就帶著過分熱情的態度問那種引導性的問題，比如“那一切都還好吧？”
21
Keep enquiries open.
保持詢價通道開放。
22
Allow room for intimate disclosures.
留出空間，讓人們可以坦誠分享私密心事。
23
Thirdly, silence.
第三點，保持沉默。
24
Don't always speak or interrupt corrupt, allow the other person to unfurl their concerns.
不要總是搶話或打斷對方，要讓對方把自己的顧慮充分表達出來。
25
Fourthly, going deep in you allows them to go deep in themselves.
第四點，深入瞭解你能讓他們更深入地認識自己。
26
People can only go as far with others as they have gone inside themselves.
人能與他人走得多遠，取決於其內心探索抵達的深度。
27
A key part of the art of friendship is therefore to know yourself as well as possible, and then to use the data about who you are are,
因此，交友之道的一個關鍵部分就是儘可能地瞭解自己，然後運用關於自身特質的認知，
28
as a guide to who others are liable to be.
作為判斷他人可能是什麼樣的人的參考。
29
We all know that around some people we feel we're boring and have nothing to say.
30
This is solely a reflection of how many rooms such people have opened up in their own minds.
31
The more they've explored, the more interesting their interlocutors will feel in themselves.
32
5. Don't Jabber It can be tempting to talk too much on pet themes.
33
Ask yourself with courage, what could another person possibly do with what I propose to tell them? Be ruthless.
34
Do they really need to know this?
35
Can there be a space in someone else's minds for this, or not so much?
36
Sixthly, allow room for weirdness.
37
We are all stranger than we're meant to be.
38
Know this of yourself and of others, and therefore clear conversational space,
39
which will allow space for the odour yet still utterly normal parts of them to assume shape.
40
Remember the essential dictum, no one is normal.
41
Seventhly, know that everyone is anxious and scared.
42
However confident others seem, they are always likely to be inside, close to despair, panic or regret.
43
Don't wait for them to tell you this, assume it's true and then just respond accordingly,
44
with pre -emptive signs of sympathy and tenderness.
45
8. Love in a cold universe We are probably the only things in the universe.
46
Out there, it's mostly just gas, rock and silence.
47
So, concentrate inside our bonds on conviviality and good humour.
48
It's a very strange and tricky business being human, think of how odd it is to have nostrils or elbows.
49
So use the alienation and fear of out there to inspire warmth and compassion for ourselves in here.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“How to Deepen Your Friendships”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：allow, friendship, themselves, space, deep。 這段影片共有 49 個句子、600 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 4:18。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 139 個詞，很適合跟讀。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| disclosure 名詞 | /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/ | 披露, 揭露 |
| scare 動詞 | /skɛɚ/ | 嚇唬 /嚇唬, 使害怕 |
| alienation 名詞 | /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/ | 疏離 /疏離 |
| conversational 形容詞 | /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/ | 會話式的 /會話式的 |
| interlocutor 名詞 | /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/ | 對話者 /對話者, 對談者 /對談者 |
| melancholy 名詞 | /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/ | 憂鬱 /憂鬱, 悲哀 |
| nostril 名詞 | /ˈnɒs.tɹɪl/ | 鼻孔, 鼻子眼 |
| sincerity 名詞 | /sɪnˈsɛɹəti/ | 真誠 /真誠, 真心 |
| thirdly 副詞 | /ˈθɚdli/ | 三來 /三來, 第三 |
| unhelpful 形容詞 | /ʌnˈhɛlpfəl/ | 無益 /無益 |
| wonderfully 副詞 | /wʌn.də(ɹ).fli/ | 極好地 |
| cheerful 形容詞 | /ˈt͡ʃɪɹfl̩/ | 快樂 /快樂, 愉快 |
| interrupt 動詞 | /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/ | 打斷 /打斷, 插嘴 |
| ruthless 形容詞 | /ˈɹuːθləs/ | 殘忍 /殘忍, 無情 /無情 |
| empathy 名詞 | /ˈɛmpəθi/ | 移情, 同感 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have gone · have opened · they've explored |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is made · can be identified |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 7 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, we're, they've。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/, empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: disclosure /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/, alienation /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: alienation /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, conviviality /kənvɪviˈælɪti/, interlocutor /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/, melancholy /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, conviviality /kənvɪviˈælɪti/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: tenderness /ˈtɛn.dɚ.nɪs/, weirdness /ˈwɪɚdnəs/, tease /tiːz/, interrupt /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/, ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: disclosure /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, interlocutor /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/, nostril /ˈnɒs.tɹɪl/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 disclosure, scare, alienation 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。