跟讀練習: PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics - 通過影片學習英語口語

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The Stoicism This is a film about Stoicism and why you need more of it in your life.

Because, as people seldom tell you, but we will quietly.

Stoicism was a philosophy that flourished for 480 years in ancient Greece

and Rome and was popular with everyone from slaves to the aristocracy.

Because, unlike so much philosophy, it was helpful.

Helpful when we panic, want to give up, despair and rage at existence.

We still honour this philosophy whenever we think of someone as brave and without perhaps quite knowing why, call them stoic.

There are two great philosophers of stoicism.

The first is the Roman writer and tutor to Nero, Seneca.

He lived between AD 4 and AD 65.

That's right, tutor to Nero, the infamous dictator who slept with his own mother, raped young boys and just because he felt like it, asked his old tutor, Seneca,

to commit suicide in front of his own family.

And our other guide to Stoicism is the kind and magnanimous Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, AD 121-180, who was forced to spend most of his reign on the edges of the empire,

fighting off invincible Germanic hordes, but found time to write one of the greatest works of philosophy, the Meditations, in his tent at night.

There are two problems Stoicism can help us with in particular.

The first is anxiety.

When you're feeling anxious about something, most people are maddening.

They believe it's their duty to cheer you up.

However intelligent they might otherwise be, they say things like it'll be okay, don't worry, even cheer up.

The Stoics were appalled.

They hated any kind of consolation that aims to give the listener hope.

Hope is the opium of the emotions

and must be stamped out conclusively for a person to stand any chance of inner peace.

Because hope only lifts you up higher for the eventual fall.

The Stoics advise us to take a different path.

To be calm, one has to tell oneself something very dark.

It will be terrible.

I might have to go to prison.

The lump really could be malign.

I probably will be fired and humiliated, my friends almost certainly will succeed.

But a huge, consoling stoic but.

One must keep in mind that one will, nevertheless, be okay.

Okay, because in the end, as Marcus Aurelius said, we are each of us stronger than we think.

Prison won't be fun, nor we're losing one's job or being made a laughing stock, but one will get through it.

Stoicism emboldens us against the worst fate can throw at us.

And if you really, really can't take it, suicide is always an option.

The Stoics mentioned this repeatedly.

Here is Seneca.

Can you no longer see a road to freedom?

It's right in front of you.

You need only turn over your wrists.

To build up an impression of one's own resilience, the Stoics suggested one regularly rehearse worst-case scenarios.

For example, twice a year, one should take off one's smart clothes, into some dirty rags, sleep on a rug in the kitchen floor

and eat only stale bread and rainwater from an animal's bowl.

And thereby, you'll make an amazing discovery.

As Marcus Aurelius put it, almost nothing material is needed for a happy life for he who has understood existence.

Another subject of interest to the Stoics was anger.

Romans were a bad tempered lot.

The Stoics wanted to calm them down, but they did so by an unusual route, by intellectual argument.

They propose that getting angry isn't something you do by nature

because you have a Latin temper or are somehow inherently hot blooded.

It's the result of being stupid, of having the wrong ideas about life.

Anger stems when misplaced hope smashes into unforeseen reality.

We don't shout every time something bad happens to us, only when it's bad and unexpected.

For example, you never shout just because it started raining, even though rain can be horrible, because you've learnt to expect rain.

The same should apply to everything.

Don't only expect rain, expect betrayal, infamy, sadism, theft, humiliation, lust, greed, spite.

One will stop being so angry when one learns the true facts of the misery of life.

The wise person should aim to reach a state where simply nothing could suddenly disturb their peace of mind.

Every tragedy should already be priced in.

We're going to leave you with the most beautiful remark that Seneca made, just as Nero's guards were grabbing him

and shoving him into a bathroom where he was meant to take a sharp knife and kill himself.

His wife, Polina, and two children were panicking, weeping, clinging to his cloaks.

But Seneca turned to them, pulled a weary smile at them, and simply said, what need is there to weep over parts of life?

The whole of it calls for tears.

We have much to learn from the Stoics.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：stoic, stoicism, Seneca, philosophy, Aurelius。這段影片共有 66 個句子、821 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 4:28。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 184 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。只有 80% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
stoicism 名詞	/ˈstoʊɪsɪzəm/	堅忍 /堅忍, 斯多葛主義 /斯多葛主義
tutor 名詞	/ˈtjuːtəː/	私人教師 /私人教師, 家庭教師 /家庭教師
weep 動詞	/ˈwiːp/	哭, 抽泣
temper 名詞	/ˈtɛmpɚ/	脾氣 /脾氣
shout 動詞	/ʃaʊt/	喊叫, 呼喊
aristocracy 名詞	/ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑ.kɹə.si/	貴族 /貴族
humiliate 動詞	/hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/	羞辱, 侮辱
infamy 名詞	/ˈɪnfəmi/	罵名 /罵名, 汙名
invincible 形容詞	/ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/	無敵 /無敵, 不敗 /不敗
magnanimous 形容詞	/mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/	坦蕩 /坦蕩, 寛大
misplace 動詞	/mɪsˈpleɪs/	擱忘 /擱忘, 誤放 /誤放
rainwater 名詞		雨水
rehearse 動詞	/ɹɪˈhɝs/	重複
sadism 名詞	/ˈseɪdɪzəm/	虐待狂
listener 名詞	/ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/	傾聽者 /傾聽者, 聽者 /聽者

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
cheer up 動詞		振作, 振作起來 /振作起來
get through 動詞	/ɡɛt ˈθɹu/	度過 /度過
give up 動詞		投案, 自首
take off 動詞		脫 /脫
turn over 動詞		翻過 /翻過, 翻轉 /翻轉

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

They believe it's their duty to cheer you up.
Can you no longer see a road to freedom?
It's right in front of you.

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	was forced · were appalled · must be stamped
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has understood · you've learnt

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 12 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, we're, can't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: thereby /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/, cloth /klɒθ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: shout /ʃaʊt/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/, humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/, shove /ʃʌv/
長單詞——注意重音位置: aristocracy /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑ.kɹə.si/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/, invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/, magnanimous /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/, consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/, shove /ʃʌv/, eventual /ɪˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.əl/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: stoic /ˈstoʊ.ɪk/, weep /ˈwiːp/, shout /ʃaʊt/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/, magnanimous /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, betrayal /bɪˈtɹeɪəl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 stoicism, tutor, weep 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

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