Практика Shadowing: PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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The Stoicism This is a film about Stoicism and why you need more of it in your life.
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Because, as people seldom tell you, but we will quietly.
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Stoicism was a philosophy that flourished for 480 years in ancient Greece
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and Rome and was popular with everyone from slaves to the aristocracy.
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Because, unlike so much philosophy, it was helpful.
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Helpful when we panic, want to give up, despair and rage at existence.
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We still honour this philosophy whenever we think of someone as brave and without perhaps quite knowing why, call them stoic.
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There are two great philosophers of stoicism.
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The first is the Roman writer and tutor to Nero, Seneca.
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He lived between AD 4 and AD 65.
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That's right, tutor to Nero, the infamous dictator who slept with his own mother, raped young boys and just because he felt like it, asked his old tutor, Seneca,
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to commit suicide in front of his own family.
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And our other guide to Stoicism is the kind and magnanimous Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, AD 121-180, who was forced to spend most of his reign on the edges of the empire,
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fighting off invincible Germanic hordes, but found time to write one of the greatest works of philosophy, the Meditations, in his tent at night.
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There are two problems Stoicism can help us with in particular.
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The first is anxiety.
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When you're feeling anxious about something, most people are maddening.
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They believe it's their duty to cheer you up.
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However intelligent they might otherwise be, they say things like it'll be okay, don't worry, even cheer up.
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The Stoics were appalled.
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They hated any kind of consolation that aims to give the listener hope.
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Hope is the opium of the emotions
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and must be stamped out conclusively for a person to stand any chance of inner peace.
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Because hope only lifts you up higher for the eventual fall.
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The Stoics advise us to take a different path.
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To be calm, one has to tell oneself something very dark.
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It will be terrible.
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I might have to go to prison.
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The lump really could be malign.
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I probably will be fired and humiliated, my friends almost certainly will succeed.
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But a huge, consoling stoic but.
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One must keep in mind that one will, nevertheless, be okay.
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Okay, because in the end, as Marcus Aurelius said, we are each of us stronger than we think.
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Prison won't be fun, nor we're losing one's job or being made a laughing stock, but one will get through it.
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Stoicism emboldens us against the worst fate can throw at us.
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And if you really, really can't take it, suicide is always an option.
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The Stoics mentioned this repeatedly.
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Here is Seneca.
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Can you no longer see a road to freedom?
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It's right in front of you.
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You need only turn over your wrists.
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To build up an impression of one's own resilience, the Stoics suggested one regularly rehearse worst-case scenarios.
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For example, twice a year, one should take off one's smart clothes, into some dirty rags, sleep on a rug in the kitchen floor
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and eat only stale bread and rainwater from an animal's bowl.
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And thereby, you'll make an amazing discovery.
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As Marcus Aurelius put it, almost nothing material is needed for a happy life for he who has understood existence.
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Another subject of interest to the Stoics was anger.
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Romans were a bad tempered lot.
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The Stoics wanted to calm them down, but they did so by an unusual route, by intellectual argument.
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They propose that getting angry isn't something you do by nature
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because you have a Latin temper or are somehow inherently hot blooded.
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It's the result of being stupid, of having the wrong ideas about life.
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Anger stems when misplaced hope smashes into unforeseen reality.
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We don't shout every time something bad happens to us, only when it's bad and unexpected.
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For example, you never shout just because it started raining, even though rain can be horrible, because you've learnt to expect rain.
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The same should apply to everything.
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Don't only expect rain, expect betrayal, infamy, sadism, theft, humiliation, lust, greed, spite.
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One will stop being so angry when one learns the true facts of the misery of life.
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The wise person should aim to reach a state where simply nothing could suddenly disturb their peace of mind.
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Every tragedy should already be priced in.
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We're going to leave you with the most beautiful remark that Seneca made, just as Nero's guards were grabbing him
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and shoving him into a bathroom where he was meant to take a sharp knife and kill himself.
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His wife, Polina, and two children were panicking, weeping, clinging to his cloaks.
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But Seneca turned to them, pulled a weary smile at them, and simply said, what need is there to weep over parts of life?
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The whole of it calls for tears.
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We have much to learn from the Stoics.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics». Чаще всего повторяются слова: stoic, stoicism, Seneca, philosophy, Aurelius. В этом видео 66 предложений и 821 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 4:28. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 184 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| stoicism существительное | /ˈstoʊɪsɪzəm/ | стоици́зм |
| tutor существительное | /ˈtjuːtəː/ | репети́тор |
| stoic прилагательное | /ˈstoʊ.ɪk/ | стои́ческий |
| weep глагол | /ˈwiːp/ | пла́кать, рыда́ть |
| temper существительное | /ˈtɛmpɚ/ | нрав, хара́ктер |
| shout глагол | /ʃaʊt/ | крича́ть, кри́кнуть |
| appall глагол | /əˈpɔːl/ | ужаса́ть, устраша́ть |
| aristocracy существительное | /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑ.kɹə.si/ | аристокра́тия, знать |
| humiliate глагол | /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/ | унижа́ть, уни́зить |
| infamy существительное | /ˈɪnfəmi/ | бессла́вие, позо́р |
| invincible прилагательное | /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/ | непобеди́мый |
| magnanimous прилагательное | /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/ | великоду́шный |
| misplace глагол | /mɪsˈpleɪs/ | заложи́ть, затеря́ть |
| rainwater существительное | дождева́я вода́ | |
| rehearse глагол | /ɹɪˈhɝs/ | твердить |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| build up глагол | накапливаться, скапливаться |
| cheer up глагол | утеша́ться, уте́шиться |
| give up глагол | сдава́ться, сда́ться |
| take off глагол | снима́ть, снять |
| turn over глагол | перевора́чивать, переверну́ть |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- They believe it's their duty to cheer you up.
- Can you no longer see a road to freedom?
- It's right in front of you.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | was forced · were appalled · must be stamped |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has understood · you've learnt |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 12 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, we're, can't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: thereby /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/, cloth /klɒθ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: shout /ʃaʊt/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/, humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/, shove /ʃʌv/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: aristocracy /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑ.kɹə.si/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/, invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/, magnanimous /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/, consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: weep /ˈwiːp/, weary /ˈwɪɚi/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/, rehearse /ɹɪˈhɝs/, humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/, shove /ʃʌv/, greed /ɡɹiːd/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как stoicism, tutor, stoic.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.