Shadowing Practice: PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics - Learn English Speaking with Video
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The Stoicism This is a film about Stoicism and why you need more of it in your life.
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Because, as people seldom tell you, but we will quietly.
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Stoicism was a philosophy that flourished for 480 years in ancient Greece
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and Rome and was popular with everyone from slaves to the aristocracy.
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Because, unlike so much philosophy, it was helpful.
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Helpful when we panic, want to give up, despair and rage at existence.
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We still honour this philosophy whenever we think of someone as brave and without perhaps quite knowing why, call them stoic.
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There are two great philosophers of stoicism.
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The first is the Roman writer and tutor to Nero, Seneca.
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He lived between AD 4 and AD 65.
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That's right, tutor to Nero, the infamous dictator who slept with his own mother, raped young boys and just because he felt like it, asked his old tutor, Seneca,
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to commit suicide in front of his own family.
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And our other guide to Stoicism is the kind and magnanimous Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, AD 121-180, who was forced to spend most of his reign on the edges of the empire,
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fighting off invincible Germanic hordes, but found time to write one of the greatest works of philosophy, the Meditations, in his tent at night.
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There are two problems Stoicism can help us with in particular.
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The first is anxiety.
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When you're feeling anxious about something, most people are maddening.
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They believe it's their duty to cheer you up.
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However intelligent they might otherwise be, they say things like it'll be okay, don't worry, even cheer up.
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The Stoics were appalled.
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They hated any kind of consolation that aims to give the listener hope.
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Hope is the opium of the emotions
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and must be stamped out conclusively for a person to stand any chance of inner peace.
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Because hope only lifts you up higher for the eventual fall.
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The Stoics advise us to take a different path.
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To be calm, one has to tell oneself something very dark.
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It will be terrible.
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I might have to go to prison.
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The lump really could be malign.
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I probably will be fired and humiliated, my friends almost certainly will succeed.
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But a huge, consoling stoic but.
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One must keep in mind that one will, nevertheless, be okay.
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Okay, because in the end, as Marcus Aurelius said, we are each of us stronger than we think.
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Prison won't be fun, nor we're losing one's job or being made a laughing stock, but one will get through it.
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Stoicism emboldens us against the worst fate can throw at us.
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And if you really, really can't take it, suicide is always an option.
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The Stoics mentioned this repeatedly.
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Here is Seneca.
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Can you no longer see a road to freedom?
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It's right in front of you.
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You need only turn over your wrists.
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To build up an impression of one's own resilience, the Stoics suggested one regularly rehearse worst-case scenarios.
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For example, twice a year, one should take off one's smart clothes, into some dirty rags, sleep on a rug in the kitchen floor
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and eat only stale bread and rainwater from an animal's bowl.
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And thereby, you'll make an amazing discovery.
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As Marcus Aurelius put it, almost nothing material is needed for a happy life for he who has understood existence.
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Another subject of interest to the Stoics was anger.
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Romans were a bad tempered lot.
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The Stoics wanted to calm them down, but they did so by an unusual route, by intellectual argument.
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They propose that getting angry isn't something you do by nature
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because you have a Latin temper or are somehow inherently hot blooded.
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It's the result of being stupid, of having the wrong ideas about life.
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Anger stems when misplaced hope smashes into unforeseen reality.
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We don't shout every time something bad happens to us, only when it's bad and unexpected.
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For example, you never shout just because it started raining, even though rain can be horrible, because you've learnt to expect rain.
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The same should apply to everything.
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Don't only expect rain, expect betrayal, infamy, sadism, theft, humiliation, lust, greed, spite.
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One will stop being so angry when one learns the true facts of the misery of life.
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The wise person should aim to reach a state where simply nothing could suddenly disturb their peace of mind.
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Every tragedy should already be priced in.
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We're going to leave you with the most beautiful remark that Seneca made, just as Nero's guards were grabbing him
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and shoving him into a bathroom where he was meant to take a sharp knife and kill himself.
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His wife, Polina, and two children were panicking, weeping, clinging to his cloaks.
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But Seneca turned to them, pulled a weary smile at them, and simply said, what need is there to weep over parts of life?
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The whole of it calls for tears.
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We have much to learn from the Stoics.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics”. Las palabras que más se repiten: stoic, stoicism, Seneca, philosophy, Aurelius. Este vídeo tiene 66 frases y 821 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:28. El hablante habla rápido, unas 184 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 80 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| stoicism sustantivo | /ˈstoʊɪsɪzəm/ | estoicismo |
| tutor sustantivo | /ˈtjuːtəː/ | tutor, protutor |
| stoic adjetivo | /ˈstoʊ.ɪk/ | estoico |
| weep verbo | /ˈwiːp/ | llorar, lagrimar |
| temper sustantivo | /ˈtɛmpɚ/ | temperamento, carácter |
| shout verbo | /ʃaʊt/ | gritar, desgañitarse |
| appall verbo | /əˈpɔːl/ | consternar, abrumar |
| aristocracy sustantivo | /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑ.kɹə.si/ | aristocracia |
| conclusively adverbio | conclusivamente | |
| embolden verbo | /ɛmˈboʊld(ə)n/ | envalentonar, encorajar |
| humiliate verbo | /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/ | humillar, papear |
| infamy sustantivo | /ˈɪnfəmi/ | infamia |
| invincible adjetivo | /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/ | invencible |
| magnanimous adjetivo | /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/ | magnánimo |
| misplace verbo | /mɪsˈpleɪs/ | extraviar, traspapelar |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| cheer up verbo | animarse | |
| get through verbo | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | aguantar, salir adelante |
| give up verbo | rendirse, entregar | |
| take off verbo | quitarse |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- They believe it's their duty to cheer you up.
- Can you no longer see a road to freedom?
- It's right in front of you.
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | was forced · were appalled · must be stamped |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has understood · you've learnt |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 12 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, we're, can't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: thereby /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/, cloth /klɒθ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: shout /ʃaʊt/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/, humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/, shove /ʃʌv/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: aristocracy /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑ.kɹə.si/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/, invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/, magnanimous /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/, consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: stoicism /ˈstoʊɪsɪzəm/, stoic /ˈstoʊ.ɪk/, spite /spaɪt/, smash /smæʃ/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/, shove /ʃʌv/, eventual /ɪˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.əl/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: stoicism /ˈstoʊɪsɪzəm/, sadism /ˈseɪdɪzəm/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, misery /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹi/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como stoicism, tutor, stoic.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.