跟读练习: PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics - 通过视频学习英语口语
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The Stoicism This is a film about Stoicism and why you need more of it in your life.
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Because, as people seldom tell you, but we will quietly.
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Stoicism was a philosophy that flourished for 480 years in ancient Greece
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and Rome and was popular with everyone from slaves to the aristocracy.
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Because, unlike so much philosophy, it was helpful.
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Helpful when we panic, want to give up, despair and rage at existence.
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We still honour this philosophy whenever we think of someone as brave and without perhaps quite knowing why, call them stoic.
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There are two great philosophers of stoicism.
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The first is the Roman writer and tutor to Nero, Seneca.
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He lived between AD 4 and AD 65.
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That's right, tutor to Nero, the infamous dictator who slept with his own mother, raped young boys and just because he felt like it, asked his old tutor, Seneca,
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to commit suicide in front of his own family.
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And our other guide to Stoicism is the kind and magnanimous Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, AD 121-180, who was forced to spend most of his reign on the edges of the empire,
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fighting off invincible Germanic hordes, but found time to write one of the greatest works of philosophy, the Meditations, in his tent at night.
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There are two problems Stoicism can help us with in particular.
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The first is anxiety.
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When you're feeling anxious about something, most people are maddening.
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They believe it's their duty to cheer you up.
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However intelligent they might otherwise be, they say things like it'll be okay, don't worry, even cheer up.
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The Stoics were appalled.
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They hated any kind of consolation that aims to give the listener hope.
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Hope is the opium of the emotions
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and must be stamped out conclusively for a person to stand any chance of inner peace.
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Because hope only lifts you up higher for the eventual fall.
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The Stoics advise us to take a different path.
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To be calm, one has to tell oneself something very dark.
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It will be terrible.
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I might have to go to prison.
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The lump really could be malign.
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I probably will be fired and humiliated, my friends almost certainly will succeed.
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But a huge, consoling stoic but.
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One must keep in mind that one will, nevertheless, be okay.
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Okay, because in the end, as Marcus Aurelius said, we are each of us stronger than we think.
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Prison won't be fun, nor we're losing one's job or being made a laughing stock, but one will get through it.
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Stoicism emboldens us against the worst fate can throw at us.
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And if you really, really can't take it, suicide is always an option.
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The Stoics mentioned this repeatedly.
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Here is Seneca.
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Can you no longer see a road to freedom?
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It's right in front of you.
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You need only turn over your wrists.
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To build up an impression of one's own resilience, the Stoics suggested one regularly rehearse worst-case scenarios.
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For example, twice a year, one should take off one's smart clothes, into some dirty rags, sleep on a rug in the kitchen floor
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and eat only stale bread and rainwater from an animal's bowl.
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And thereby, you'll make an amazing discovery.
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As Marcus Aurelius put it, almost nothing material is needed for a happy life for he who has understood existence.
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Another subject of interest to the Stoics was anger.
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Romans were a bad tempered lot.
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The Stoics wanted to calm them down, but they did so by an unusual route, by intellectual argument.
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They propose that getting angry isn't something you do by nature
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because you have a Latin temper or are somehow inherently hot blooded.
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It's the result of being stupid, of having the wrong ideas about life.
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Anger stems when misplaced hope smashes into unforeseen reality.
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We don't shout every time something bad happens to us, only when it's bad and unexpected.
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For example, you never shout just because it started raining, even though rain can be horrible, because you've learnt to expect rain.
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The same should apply to everything.
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Don't only expect rain, expect betrayal, infamy, sadism, theft, humiliation, lust, greed, spite.
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One will stop being so angry when one learns the true facts of the misery of life.
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The wise person should aim to reach a state where simply nothing could suddenly disturb their peace of mind.
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Every tragedy should already be priced in.
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We're going to leave you with the most beautiful remark that Seneca made, just as Nero's guards were grabbing him
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and shoving him into a bathroom where he was meant to take a sharp knife and kill himself.
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His wife, Polina, and two children were panicking, weeping, clinging to his cloaks.
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But Seneca turned to them, pulled a weary smile at them, and simply said, what need is there to weep over parts of life?
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The whole of it calls for tears.
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We have much to learn from the Stoics.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：stoic, stoicism, Seneca, philosophy, Aurelius。 这段视频共有 66 个句子、821 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:28。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 184 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 只有 80% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| stoicism 名词 | /ˈstoʊɪsɪzəm/ | 堅忍 /坚忍, 斯多葛主義 /斯多葛主义 |
| tutor 名词 | /ˈtjuːtəː/ | 私人教師 /私人教师, 家庭教師 /家庭教师 |
| weep 动词 | /ˈwiːp/ | 哭, 抽泣 |
| temper 名词 | /ˈtɛmpɚ/ | 脾氣 /脾气 |
| shout 动词 | /ʃaʊt/ | 喊叫, 呼喊 |
| aristocracy 名词 | /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑ.kɹə.si/ | 貴族 /贵族 |
| humiliate 动词 | /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/ | 羞辱, 侮辱 |
| infamy 名词 | /ˈɪnfəmi/ | 罵名 /骂名, 污名 |
| invincible 形容词 | /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/ | 無敵 /无敌, 不敗 /不败 |
| magnanimous 形容词 | /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/ | 坦蕩 /坦荡, 寛大 |
| misplace 动词 | /mɪsˈpleɪs/ | 擱忘 /搁忘, 誤放 /误放 |
| rainwater 名词 | 雨水 | |
| rehearse 动词 | /ɹɪˈhɝs/ | 重复 |
| sadism 名词 | /ˈseɪdɪzəm/ | 虐待狂 |
| listener 名词 | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | 傾聽者 /倾听者, 聽者 /听者 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| cheer up 动词 | 振作, 振作起來 /振作起来 | |
| get through 动词 | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | 度過 /度过 |
| give up 动词 | 投案, 自首 | |
| take off 动词 | 脫 /脱 | |
| turn over 动词 | 翻過 /翻过, 翻轉 /翻转 |
值得反复跟读的句子
视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：
- They believe it's their duty to cheer you up.
- Can you no longer see a road to freedom?
- It's right in front of you.
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | was forced · were appalled · must be stamped |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has understood · you've learnt |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 12 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, we're, can't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: thereby /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/, cloth /klɒθ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shout /ʃaʊt/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/, humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/, shove /ʃʌv/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: aristocracy /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑ.kɹə.si/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/, invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/, magnanimous /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/, consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/, shove /ʃʌv/, eventual /ɪˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.əl/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: stoic /ˈstoʊ.ɪk/, weep /ˈwiːp/, shout /ʃaʊt/, humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/, magnanimous /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, betrayal /bɪˈtɹeɪəl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 stoicism, tutor, weep 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。