Prática de Shadowing: How to Deepen Your Friendships - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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We are inclined to think
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that the secret of great friendship is all about finding someone with whom we mysteriously and wonderfully just click,
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without having to do very much about it.
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But this is arguably an unhelpful stance, because it implies that there is nothing that any of us can do to become better friends.
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Friendship is made to look like a mere happy accident.
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At the School of Life, we think differently.
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We believe that good friendships follow certain principles which can be identified, discussed and taught.
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We firmly believe that we can learn to become better friends and are not any of us born knowing how to be.
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Here then are some of the principles of being a good friend.
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Firstly, asking the right questions.
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We need to learn the art of teasing out of people the bits of themselves that are sincere, vulnerable and true.
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Society tends to encourage us to stay on the surface.
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True friends know how to go deep.
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In order to do so, they ask questions like, How did it feel when X or Y loss occurred?
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They show empathy.
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They say, You must have felt quite sad when...
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They use self -disclosure to encourage others to throw off their masks.
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They might say, I found myself very scared when… Secondly, sincerity.
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Allow space for sadness, regret and melancholy.
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Don't come in with aggressively cheerful, leading questions like, is everything okay then?
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Keep enquiries open.
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Allow room for intimate disclosures.
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Thirdly, silence.
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Don't always speak or interrupt corrupt, allow the other person to unfurl their concerns.
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Fourthly, going deep in you allows them to go deep in themselves.
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People can only go as far with others as they have gone inside themselves.
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A key part of the art of friendship is therefore to know yourself as well as possible, and then to use the data about who you are are,
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as a guide to who others are liable to be.
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We all know that around some people we feel we're boring and have nothing to say.
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This is solely a reflection of how many rooms such people have opened up in their own minds.
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The more they've explored, the more interesting their interlocutors will feel in themselves.
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5. Don't Jabber It can be tempting to talk too much on pet themes.
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Ask yourself with courage, what could another person possibly do with what I propose to tell them? Be ruthless.
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Do they really need to know this?
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Can there be a space in someone else's minds for this, or not so much?
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Sixthly, allow room for weirdness.
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We are all stranger than we're meant to be.
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Know this of yourself and of others, and therefore clear conversational space,
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which will allow space for the odour yet still utterly normal parts of them to assume shape.
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Remember the essential dictum, no one is normal.
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Seventhly, know that everyone is anxious and scared.
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However confident others seem, they are always likely to be inside, close to despair, panic or regret.
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Don't wait for them to tell you this, assume it's true and then just respond accordingly,
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with pre -emptive signs of sympathy and tenderness.
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8. Love in a cold universe We are probably the only things in the universe.
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Out there, it's mostly just gas, rock and silence.
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So, concentrate inside our bonds on conviviality and good humour.
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It's a very strange and tricky business being human, think of how odd it is to have nostrils or elbows.
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So use the alienation and fear of out there to inspire warmth and compassion for ourselves in here.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “How to Deepen Your Friendships”. As palavras que mais se repetem: allow, friendship, themselves, space, deep. Este vídeo tem 49 frases e 600 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:18. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 139 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| disclosure substantivo | /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/ | revelação, divulgação |
| scare verbo | /skɛɚ/ | assustar |
| alienation substantivo | /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/ | alienação, alheamento |
| dictum substantivo | /ˈdɪk.təm/ | ditado |
| interlocutor substantivo | /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/ | interlocutor, interlocutora |
| melancholy substantivo | /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/ | melancolia |
| mysteriously advérbio | misteriosamente | |
| nostril substantivo | /ˈnɒs.tɹɪl/ | narina |
| sincerity substantivo | /sɪnˈsɛɹəti/ | sinceridade |
| tenderness substantivo | /ˈtɛn.dɚ.nɪs/ | ternura |
| thirdly advérbio | /ˈθɚdli/ | terceiramente |
| unfurl verbo | /ʌnˈfɝl/ | desfraldar |
| wonderfully advérbio | /wʌn.də(ɹ).fli/ | maravilhosamente |
| tease verbo | /tiːz/ | cardar |
| cheerful adjetivo | /ˈt͡ʃɪɹfl̩/ | alegre |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have gone · have opened · they've explored |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is made · can be identified |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 7 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, we're, they've. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/, empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: disclosure /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/, alienation /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: alienation /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, conviviality /kənvɪviˈælɪti/, interlocutor /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/, melancholy /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: interrupt /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/, inclined /ɪnˈklaɪnd/, intimate /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/, concentrate /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/, corrupt /kəˈɹʌpt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, nostril /ˈnɒs.tɹɪl/, unfurl /ʌnˈfɝl/, unhelpful /ʌnˈhɛlpfəl/, liable /ˈlaɪ̯əbəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: unhelpful /ʌnˈhɛlpfəl/, humour /ˈhjuːmɚ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como disclosure, scare, alienation.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.